Article Figures & Data
Figures
- FIGURE 1.
Distribution of number of μopt-values per patient in reference group.
- FIGURE 2.
Results of Bland–Altman analysis comparing ChangAC applying μopt-value of 0.140 and CTAC (A) and comparing ChangACSC applying μopt-value of 0.160 and CTACSC in reference group (B). Solid lines show regressions; 95% limits of agreement are represented by dashed lines. 95% CIs were 0.66 to 1.92 (A) and −4.95 to −3.44 (B).
- FIGURE 3.
Percentage error in each brain region for ChangAC applying μopt-value of 0.140 and CTAC and for ChangACSC applying μopt-value of 0.160 and CTACSC in reference group. Dotted line indicates zero. For ChangAC and ChangACSC, limbic brain regions tended to be underestimated and central brain regions overestimated. PRT = parietal lobe; TMP = temporal lobe; FRT = frontal lobe; OCT = occipital lobe; PCING = posterior cingulate gyrus; ACING = anterior cingulate gyrus; MFRT = medial frontal lobe; MPRT = medial parietal lobe; MTMP = medial temporal lobe; SMC = sensorimotor cortex; VC = visual cortex; CAD = caudate nucleus; CBL = cerebellum; VER = cerebellar vermis; PNS = pons; PTM = putamen; PARH = parahippocampal gyrus; AMG = amygdala; THL = thalamus.
- FIGURE 4.
Comparison of SPECT images of CTAC and ChangAC (A) and CTACSC and ChangACSC (B) in 1 reference patient. For ChangAC, μ-values of 0.07, 0.110, and 0.140 were applied; for ChangACSC, μ-values of 0.12, 0.145, and 0.160 were applied. On left are SPECT images normalized by maximum counts in series; on right are SPECT images normalized by maximum counts of CT-based method. From left to right, axial slices are at cerebellar, basal ganglia, and parietal levels.
Tables
- TABLE 1.
Percentage Error and Absolute Percentage Error Between ChangAC Applying Each μ-Value and CTAC
μ-value Percentage error Absolute percentage error P 0.070 −38.22 ± 4.02 (−46.17, −29.28) 38.22 ± 4.02 (29.28, 46.17) <0.05 0.075 −36.13 ± 3.90 (−46.51, −28.14) 36.13 ± 3.90 (28.14, 46.51) <0.05 0.080 −33.78 ± 3.85 (−42.76, −25.84) 33.78 ± 3.85 (25.84, 42.76) <0.05 0.085 −31.40 ± 3.64 (−41.03, −22.94) 31.40 ± 3.64 (22.94, 41.03) <0.05 0.090 −28.75 ± 3.66 (−39.59, −19.08) 28.75 ± 3.66 (19.08, 39.59) <0.05 0.095 −26.24 ± 3.34 (−36.81, −19.01) 26.24 ± 3.34 (19.01, 36.81) <0.05 0.100 −23.78 ± 3.10 (−35.49, −16.19) 23.78 ± 3.10 (16.19, 35.49) <0.05 0.105 −21.01 ± 3.03 (−32.43, −12.95) 21.01 ± 3.03 (12.95, 32.43) <0.05 0.110 −18.24 ± 2.79 (−32.14, −9.23) 18.24 ± 2.79 (9.23, 32.14) <0.05 0.115 −15.40 ± 2.50 (−25.94, −6.05) 15.40 ± 2.50 (6.05, 25.94) <0.05 0.120 −12.12 ± 3.59 (−25.31, 1.84) 12.12 ± 3.59 (0.16, 25.31) <0.05 0.125 −9.00 ± 3.94 (−22.25, 7.01) 9.07 ± 3.78 (0.06, 22.25) <0.05 0.130 −5.85 ± 4.40 (−19.93, 14.24) 6.38 ± 3.58 (0.00, 19.93) <0.05 0.135 −2.45 ± 4.95 (−17.42, 18.89) 4.54 ± 3.13 (0.00, 18.89) <0.05 0.140 0.96 ± 5.62 (−13.92, 22.81)* 4.45 ± 3.57 (0.00, 22.81)* 0.58 0.145 4.18 ± 6.78 (−10.06, 28.65) 6.14 ± 5.07 (0.00, 28.65) <0.05 0.150 8.13 ± 6.93 (−8.82, 35.49) 8.58 ± 6.37 (0.00, 35.49) <0.05 0.155 11.95 ± 7.74 (−6.43, 38.81) 12.06 ± 7.57 (0.00, 38.81) <0.05 0.160 15.86 ± 8.57 (−3.87, 49.12) 15.87 ± 8.54 (0.13, 49.12) <0.05 0.165 19.92 ± 8.88 (−1.74, 52.43) 19.92 ± 8.87 (0.01, 52.43) <0.05 0.170 23.93 ± 9.61 (1.83, 56.66) 23.93 ± 9.61 (1.83, 56.66) <0.05 0.175 28.23 ± 10.50 (4.85, 64.57) 28.23 ± 10.50 (4.85, 64.57) <0.05 0.180 32.72 ± 11.41 (8.26, 70.96) 32.72 ± 11.41 (8.26, 70.96) <0.05 0.185 37.16 ± 12.69 (6.29, 82.40) 37.16 ± 12.69 (6.29, 82.40) <0.05 0.190 42.19 ± 13.82 (13.63, 91.62) 42.19 ± 13.82 (13.63, 91.62) <0.05 0.195 46.63 ± 14.82 (13.69, 99.40) 46.63 ± 14.82 (13.69, 99.40) <0.05 0.200 52.23 ± 16.26 (20.34, 107.87) 52.23 ± 16.26 (20.34, 107.87) <0.05 ↵* Smallest mean percentage error and absolute percentage error.
Data are mean ± SD, followed by range in parentheses.
- TABLE 2.
Percentage Error and Absolute Percentage Error Between ChangACSC Applying Each μ-Value and CTACSC
μ-value Percentage error Absolute percentage error P 0.070 −45.25 ± 5.28 (−60.55, −23.14) 45.25 ± 5.28 (23.14, 60.55) <0.05 0.075 −43.35 ± 5.31 (−61.10, −21.36) 43.35 ± 5.31 (21.36, 61.10) <0.05 0.080 −41.39 ± 5.34 (−56.87, −18.13) 41.39 ± 5.34 (18.13, 56.87) <0.05 0.085 −39.25 ± 5.31 (−53.72, −15.78) 39.25 ± 5.31 (15.78, 53.72) <0.05 0.090 −37.34 ± 5.35 (−55.51, −14.08) 37.34 ± 5.35 (14.08, 55.51) <0.05 0.095 −35.15 ± 5.34 (−49.77, −11.23) 35.15 ± 5.34 (11.23, 49.77) <0.05 0.100 −32.88 ± 5.33 (−50.07, −9.59) 32.88 ± 5.33 (9.59, 50.07) <0.05 0.105 −32.92 ± 7.79 (−56.93, −6.89) 32.92 ± 7.79 (6.89, 56.93) <0.05 0.110 −28.30 ± 5.44 (−48.50, −5.35) 28.30 ± 5.44 (5.35, 48.50) <0.05 0.115 −26.04 ± 5.60 (−45.59, −2.26) 26.04 ± 5.60 (2.26, 45.59) <0.05 0.120 −23.26 ± 5.71 (−43.11, −0.11) 23.26 ± 5.71 (0.11, 43.11) <0.05 0.125 −20.84 ± 6.01 (−41.59, 3.75) 20.86 ± 5.96 (0.02, 41.59) <0.05 0.130 −18.40 ± 5.69 (−39.99, 4.84) 18.42 ± 5.61 (0.03, 39.99) <0.05 0.135 −15.66 ± 5.92 (−36.30, 8.17) 15.74 ± 5.70 (0.02, 36.30) <0.05 0.140 −13.43 ± 5.85 (−35.95, 10.34) 13.56 ± 5.54 (0.01, 35.95) <0.05 0.145 −10.56 ± 6.29 (−29.52, 13.57) 10.99 ± 5.51 (0.05, 29.52) <0.05 0.150 −7.58 ± 6.67 (−29.75, 19.25) 8.65 ± 5.21 (0.01, 29.75) <0.05 0.155 −4.40 ± 7.33 (−26.91, 26.51) 7.04 ± 4.85 (0.01, 26.91) <0.05 0.160 −1.11 ± 7.94 (−27.83, 31.63)* 6.37 ± 4.88 (0.01, 31.63)* 0.06 0.165 2.26 ± 8.76 (−20.46, 39.34) 6.97 ± 5.76 (0.01, 39.34) 0.05 0.170 5.63 ± 9.40 (−19.51, 42.13) 8.37 ± 7.07 (0.02, 42.13) <0.05 0.175 9.39 ± 10.45 (−16.02, 50.41) 10.88 ± 8.88 (0.04, 50.41) <0.05 0.180 12.99 ± 11.28 (−19.97, 62.12) 13.76 ± 10.32 (0.00, 62.12) <0.05 0.185 17.09 ± 11.83 (−11.97, 64.69) 17.33 ± 11.46 (0.02, 64.69) <0.05 0.190 20.98 ± 12.77 (−10.09, 69.26) 21.10 ± 12.57 (0.00, 69.26) <0.05 0.195 24.45 ± 13.11 (−16.22, 72.17) 24.51 ± 12.98 (0.08, 72.17) <0.05 0.200 28.34 ± 14.13 (−11.36, 86.37) 28.37 ± 14.07 (0.05, 86.37) <0.05 ↵* Smallest mean percentage error and absolute percentage error.
Data are mean ± SD, followed by range in parentheses.
- TABLE 3.
Comparison of Percentage Error Between Hypoperfusion Region in Each Disease Group and Same Region in Reference Group for ChangAC Applying μopt-Value of 0.140 and ChangACSC Applying μopt-Value of 0.160
ChangAC ChangACSC Disease Brain region Side Disease Reference P Disease Reference P AD Posterior cingulate gyrus R 0.55 ± 3.49 −0.71 ± 3.04 0.34 −3.71 ± 2.78 −1.76 ± 5.72 0.14 L 0.52 ± 3.44 0.17 ± 2.48 0.83 −4.85 ± 4.19 −1.97 ± 5.75 0.13 Medial temporal lobe R 3.00 ± 3.32 5.82 ± 4.76 0.08 −0.55 ± 4.36 1.89 ± 6.26 0.23 L 4.83 ± 3.38 6.95 ± 5.03 0.18 2.38 ± 3.64 3.51 ± 6.57 0.83 DLB Occipital lobe R −4.24 ± 3.38 −4.33 ± 2.57 0.89 −7.82 ± 5.09 −7.47 ± 4.97 0.69 L −3.33 ± 2.96 −2.89 ± 3.10 0.64 −7.03 ± 4.64 −6.33 ± 3.66 0.44 FTLD Frontal lobe R −3.29 ± 4.34 −3.79 ± 1.41 0.85 −5.15 ± 6.02 −5.26 ± 0.86 0.80 L −0.09 ± 4.45 −1.39 ± 2.05 0.56 −1.76 ± 6.75 −2.89 ± 4.25 0.84 Temporal lobe R −2.70 ± 3.48 −3.43 ± 3.16 0.59 −5.98 ± 4.51 −1.45 ± 4.66 0.88 L 1.64 ± 3.30 1.27 ± 3.26 0.70 −1.45 ± 4.66 −1.88 ± 4.89 0.88 MSA-C Cerebellum R −1.11 ± 5.51 −0.13 ± 3.40 0.69 −6.05 ± 9.54 −8.79 ± 4.63 0.45 L 0.66 ± 5.83 2.32 ± 3.71 0.36 −3.70 ± 9.93 −6.62 ± 4.76 0.72 AD = Alzheimer disease; DLB = dementia with Lewy bodies; FTLD = frontotemporal lobar degeneration; MSA-C = multiple system atrophy of cerebellar type.
Data are mean ± SD.
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