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Research ArticleImaging

Maximum-Likelihood Expectation-Maximization Algorithm Versus Windowed Filtered Backprojection Algorithm: A Case Study

Gengsheng L. Zeng
Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology June 2018, 46 (2) 129-132; DOI: https://doi.org/10.2967/jnmt.117.196311
Gengsheng L. Zeng
Department of Engineering, Weber State University, Ogden, Utah; and Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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  • FIGURE 1.
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    FIGURE 1.

    Left image is reconstructed with 5 iterations of MLEM. Middle image is reconstructed with windowed FBP with k = 3,800. Right image is same as middle image except outside object image values are set to zero. Line profiles are for 5 lesions. Solid lines are from windowed FBP images; dashed lines are from MLEM images.

  • FIGURE 2.
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    FIGURE 2.

    Left image in each panel is reconstructed with various iterations of MLEM. Middle image is reconstructed with windowed FBP with various value of k. Right image is same as middle image except outside object image values are set to zero. Line profiles are for 5 lesions. Solid lines are from windowed FBP images; dashed lines are from MLEM images. (A) Left: 10 iterations; middle: k = 8,200. (B) Left: 15 iterations; middle: k = 12,000. (C) Left: 20 iterations; middle: k = 17,000. (D) Left: 25 iterations; middle: k = 22,000. (E) Left: 30 iterations; middle: k = 28,000. (F) Left: 35 iterations; middle: k = 33,000. (G) Left: 40 iterations; middle: k = 38,000. (H) Left: 45 iterations; middle: k = 43,000.

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    TABLE 1

    Parameters (Fractions of Image Size) for National Electrical Manufacturers Association NU 4-2008 Phantom

    x0 (center)y0 (center)A (long-axis)B (short-axis)ϕ (rotation)Image intensity
    0.00.00.600.60010
    −0.1−0.30.100.10010
    −0.30.050.080.08010
    0.00.30.060.06010
    0.3−0.150.040.04010
    0.3−0.150.020.02010
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    TABLE 2

    Noise Comparison for Reconstructions with MLEM and Windowed FBP, When Images Are at Same Lesion Contrast

    Iteration no. for MLEMk for windowed FBPNormalized noise SD for MLEM imageNormalized noise SD for windowed FBP image
    53,8000.02860.0277
    108,2000.05440.0530
    1512,0000.07860.0711
    2017,0000.10150.0904
    2522,0000.12330.1058
    3028,0000.14420.1205
    3533,0000.16430.1303
    4038,0000.18370.1384
    4543,0000.20240.1452
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Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology: 46 (2)
Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
Vol. 46, Issue 2
June 1, 2018
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Maximum-Likelihood Expectation-Maximization Algorithm Versus Windowed Filtered Backprojection Algorithm: A Case Study
Gengsheng L. Zeng
Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology Jun 2018, 46 (2) 129-132; DOI: 10.2967/jnmt.117.196311

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Maximum-Likelihood Expectation-Maximization Algorithm Versus Windowed Filtered Backprojection Algorithm: A Case Study
Gengsheng L. Zeng
Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology Jun 2018, 46 (2) 129-132; DOI: 10.2967/jnmt.117.196311
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