Article Figures & Data
Figures
- FIGURE 1.
Outline of ECG-synchronized dynamic cardiac phantom.
- FIGURE 2.
Attenuation correction region based on ECG waveform of STPG SPECT: STPGAC ECG (A); UnTagAC ECG (B); 75% GAC ECG (C); 40% GAC ECG (D).
- FIGURE 3.
Attenuation correction region based on ECG waveform of NPG SPECT: UnTagAC ECG (A); 75% GAC ECG (B); 40% GAC ECG (C).
- FIGURE 4.
Difference in perfusion between normal and defect regions in heart rate variability of 360° acquisition: UnTagAC ECG (A); 75% GAC ECG (B); 40% GAC ECG (C).
- FIGURE 5.
Difference in perfusion between normal and defect regions in heart rate variability of 180° acquisition: UnTagAC ECG (A); 75% GAC ECG (B); 40% GAC ECG (C).
- FIGURE 6.
Difference in perfusion between normal and defect regions in myocardial wall variation: UnTagAC ECG (A); 75% GAC ECG (B); 40% GAC ECG (C).
Tables
Parameter Theoretic phantom values (mL) CT STPG SPECT NPG SPECT STPGAC UnTagAC 75% GAC 40% GAC UnTagAC 75% GAC 40% GAC Non-AC 40 bpm ED (mL) 140.4 128.1 128.0 127.0 127.0 129.0 130.0 129.0 131.0 130.0 ES (mL) 119.9 112.0 112.0 107.0 108.0 109.0 112.0 111.0 113.0 112.0 LVEF (%) 14.6 12.6 12.5 15.7 15.0 15.5 13.8 14.0 13.7 13.8 50 bpm ED (mL) 140.4 129.5 130.0 128.0 129.0 130.0 131.0 131.0 133.0 131.0 ES (mL) 119.9 114.6 115.0 111.0 112.0 112.0 114.0 114.0 117.0 115.0 LVEF (%) 14.6 11.5 11.5 13.3 13.2 13.8 13.0 13.0 12.0 12.2 60 bpm ED (mL) 140.4 128.8 128.0 124.0 125.0 127.0 127.0 127.0 129.0 127.0 ES (mL) 119.9 111.6 111.0 105.0 106.0 108.0 108.0 110.0 111.0 111.0 LVEF (%) 14.6 13.4 13.3 15.3 15.2 15.0 15.0 13.4 14.0 12.6 70 bpm ED (mL) 140.4 132.6 133.0 128.0 129.0 130.0 132.0 133.0 133.0 131.0 ES (mL) 119.9 115.7 116.0 108.0 109.0 111.0 112.0 113.0 114.0 113.0 LVEF (%) 14.6 12.7 12.8 15.6 15.5 14.6 15.2 15.0 14.3 13.7 80 bpm ED (mL) 140.4 133.2 133.0 129.0 130.0 131.0 131.0 133.0 135.0 133.0 ES (mL) 119.9 116.8 116.0 111.0 112.0 113.0 113.0 115.0 117.0 116.0 LVEF (%) 14.6 12.3 12.8 14.0 13.8 13.7 13.7 13.5 13.3 12.8 90 bpm ED (mL) 140.4 131.9 132.0 127.0 129.0 130.0 132.0 132.0 134.0 130.0 ES (mL) 119.9 114.9 115.0 108.0 110.0 110.0 113.0 113.0 115.0 111.0 LVEF (%) 14.6 12.9 12.9 15.0 14.7 15.4 14.4 14.4 14.2 14.6 100 bpm ED (mL) 140.4 131.4 131.0 128.0 129.0 129.0 131.0 131.0 134.0 130.0 ES (mL) 119.9 115.5 115.0 110.0 111.0 112.0 114.0 113.0 117.0 113.0 LVEF (%) 14.6 12.1 12.2 14.1 14.0 13.2 13.0 13.7 12.7 13.1 Non-AC = non—attenuation-corrected.
Parameter Theoretic phantom values (mL) CT STPG SPECT NPG SPECT STPGAC UnTagAC 75% GAC 40% GAC UnTagAC 75% GAC 40% GAC Non-AC 40 bpm ED (mL) 140.4 128.1 132.0 127.0 130.0 128.0 132.0 132.0 133.0 136.0 ES (mL) 119.9 112.0 116.0 110.0 114.0 111.0 115.0 116.0 117.0 116.0 LVEF (%) 14.6 12.6 12.1 13.4 12.3 13.3 12.9 12.1 12.0 14.7 50 bpm ED (mL) 140.4 129.5 134.0 130.0 131.0 132.0 135.0 136.0 137.0 135.0 ES (mL) 119.9 114.6 117.0 110.0 112.0 113.0 116.0 118.0 118.0 111.0 LVEF (%) 14.6 11.5 12.7 15.4 14.5 14.4 14.1 13.2 13.9 17.8 60 bpm ED (mL) 140.4 128.8 135.0 130.0 132.0 132.0 135.0 136.0 137.0 140.0 ES (mL) 119.9 111.6 118.0 110.0 112.0 112.0 116.0 118.0 119.0 114.0 LVEF (%) 14.6 13.4 12.6 15.4 15.2 15.2 14.1 13.2 13.1 18.6 70 bpm ED (mL) 140.4 132.6 134.0 129.0 129.0 131.0 133.0 134.0 135.0 139.0 ES (mL) 119.9 115.7 116.0 109.0 110.0 111.0 115.0 116.0 116.0 115.0 LVEF (%) 14.6 12.7 13.4 15.5 14.7 15.3 13.5 13.4 14.1 17.3 80 bpm ED (mL) 140.4 133.2 134.0 130.0 129.0 131.0 135.0 136.0 136.0 136.0 ES (mL) 119.9 116.8 118.0 112.0 112.0 114.0 118.0 118.0 119.0 112.0 LVEF (%) 14.6 12.3 11.9 13.8 13.2 13.0 12.6 13.2 12.5 17.6 90 bpm ED (mL) 140.4 131.9 133.0 127.0 128.0 130.0 133.0 139.0 136.0 134.0 ES (mL) 119.9 114.9 119.0 112.0 113.0 114.0 113.0 125.0 121.0 111.0 LVEF (%) 14.6 12.9 10.5 11.8 11.7 12.3 15.0 10.1 11.0 17.2 100 bpm ED (mL) 140.4 131.4 133.0 127.0 128.0 129.0 133.0 133.0 135.0 132.0 ES (mL) 119.9 115.5 117.0 109.0 110.0 113.0 115.0 116.0 118.0 110.0 LVEF (%) 14.6 12.1 12.0 14.2 14.1 12.4 13.5 12.8 12.6 16.7 Non-AC = non—attenuation-corrected.
- TABLE 3.
Results of Polar Map Segment Analysis and Correlation Coefficient for 360° Acquisitions in Heart Rate Variability
Perfusion STPG SPECT NPG SPECT UnTagAC 75% GAC 40% GAC UnTagAC 75% GAC 40% GAC Non-AC 40 bpm Normal (P) 0.468 0.492 0.498 0.439 0.476 0.474 0.121 Defect (P) 0.444 0.302 0.339 0.500 0.490 0.500 0.430 STPGAC method vs. (r) 0.996 0.997 0.997 0.999 0.998 0.999 0.814 50 bpm Normal (P) 0.450 0.386 0.454 0.495 0.494 0.478 0.115 Defect (P) 0.464 0.493 0.468 0.328 0.468 0.419 0.303 STPGAC method vs. (r) 0.997 0.964 0.998 0.996 0.997 0.998 0.916 60 bpm Normal (P) 0.482 0.492 0.487 0.439 0.470 0.465 0.119 Defect (P) 0.499 0.459 0.451 0.421 0.488 0.477 0.444 STPGAC method vs. (r) 0.997 0.996 0.998 0.997 0.997 0.996 0.876 70 bpm Normal (P) 0.461 0.475 0.442 0.461 0.445 0.489 0.105 Defect (P) 0.457 0.466 0.498 0.416 0.416 0.426 0.340 STPGAC method vs. (r) 0.983 0.976 0.975 0.986 0.971 0.978 0.882 80 bpm Normal (P) 0.480 0.493 0.466 0.493 0.491 0.429 0.116 Defect (P) 0.465 0.494 0.434 0.462 0.434 0.400 0.388 STPGAC method vs. (r) 0.998 0.998 0.996 0.997 0.996 0.993 0.887 90 bpm Normal (P) 0.467 0.446 0.495 0.421 0.424 0.446 0.128 Defect (P) 0.465 0.500 0.500 0.424 0.465 0.467 0.479 STPGAC method vs. (r) 0.996 0.995 0.997 0.996 0.995 0.993 0.912 100 bpm Normal (P) 0.416 0.432 0.469 0.475 0.454 0.456 0.109 Defect (P) 0.464 0.430 0.498 0.462 0.430 0.386 0.470 STPGAC method vs. (r) 0.994 0.992 0.996 0.998 0.994 0.997 0.902 Non-AC = non—attenuation-corrected; r = correlation coefficient.
Normal = F(10,10) < 0.5, P = 0.05; defect = F(5,5) < 0.5, P = 0.05.
- TABLE 4.
Results of Polar Map Segment Analysis and Correlation Coefficient for 180° Acquisitions in Heart Rate Variability
Perfusion STPG SPECT NPG SPECT UnTagAC 75% GAC 40% GAC UnTagAC 75% GAC 40% GAC Non-AC 40 bpm Normal (P) 0.482 0.493 0.448 0.483 0.452 0.448 0.087 Defect (P) 0.246 0.467 0.388 0.270 0.455 0.388 0.402 STPGAC method vs. (r) 0.963 0.999 0.995 0.987 0.996 0.995 0.884 50 bpm Normal (P) 0.282 0.409 0.359 0.282 0.409 0.359 0.110 Defect (P) 0.283 0.454 0.390 0.283 0.454 0.390 0.429 STPGAC method vs. (r) 0.982 0.995 0.997 0.982 0.995 0.997 0.920 60 bpm Normal (P) 0.500 0.468 0.493 0.396 0.486 0.376 0.121 Defect (P) 0.477 0.479 0.460 0.289 0.384 0.293 0.403 STPGAC method vs. (r) 0.995 0.996 0.995 0.991 0.994 0.996 0.881 70 bpm Normal (P) 0.460 0.418 0.406 0.471 0.465 0.476 0.104 Defect (P) 0.449 0.477 0.456 0.388 0.409 0.366 0.497 STPGAC method vs. (r) 0.995 0.984 0.986 0.993 0.984 0.992 0.895 80 bpm Normal (P) 0.494 0.477 0.496 0.391 0.494 0.425 0.119 Defect (P) 0.493 0.441 0.500 0.386 0.441 0.354 0.489 STPGAC method vs. (r) 0.998 0.989 0.998 0.993 0.992 0.996 0.904 90 bpm Normal (P) 0.453 0.396 0.456 0.381 0.464 0.435 0.147 Defect (P) 0.464 0.293 0.497 0.406 0.319 0.363 0.443 STPGAC method vs. (r) 0.995 0.961 0.995 0.991 0.980 0.995 0.899 100 bpm Normal (P) 0.321 0.448 0.449 0.438 0.484 0.457 0.098 Defect (P) 0.473 0.483 0.475 0.380 0.455 0.427 0.487 STPGAC method vs. (r) 0.919 0.991 0.997 0.992 0.986 0.992 0.918 Non-AC = non—attenuation-corrected; r = correlation coefficient.
Normal = F(10,10) < 0.5, P = 0.05; defect = F(5,5) < 0.5, P = 0.05.
Parameter 20:20 20:10 20:05 ED (mL) ES (mL) LVEF (%) ED (mL) ES (mL) LVEF (%) ED (mL) ES (mL) LVEF (%) Theoretical phantom values (mL) 556.9 216.7 61.1 479.9 216.7 54.8 441.5 216.7 50.9 CT 421.9 186.7 55.7 397.4 192.1 51.7 385.4 193.5 49.8 STPG SPECT STPGAC 420.0 187.0 55.5 396.0 191.0 51.8 385.0 194.0 49.6 UnTagAC 423 186 56.0 391 185 52.7 386 194 49.7 75% GAC 422 186 55.9 400 193 51.8 386 194 49.7 40% GAC 425 187 56 406 196 51.7 388 194 50.0 NPG SPECT UnTagAC 423.0 186.0 56.0 391.0 185.0 52.7 386.0 194.0 49.7 75% GAC 422.0 186.0 55.9 400.0 193.0 51.8 386.0 194.0 49.7 40% GAC 425.0 187.0 56.0 406.0 196.0 51.7 388.0 194.0 50.0 Non-AC 418.0 191.0 54.3 382.0 185.0 51.6 388.0 201.0 48.2 Non-AC = non—attenuation-corrected.
- TABLE 6.
Results of Polar Map Segment Analysis and Correlation Coefficient for Myocardial Wall Variation
Gated SPECT AC 20:20 20:10 20:05 P STPGAC method vs. (r) P STPGAC method vs. (r) P STPGAC method vs. (r) Normal Defect Normal Defect Normal Defect Perfusion (%) STPG SPECT UnTagAC 0.477 0.500 0.996 0.318 0.410 0.987 0.443 0.442 0.993 75% GAC 0.477 0.500 0.991 0.461 0.410 0.999 0.468 0.442 0.993 40% GAC 0.451 0.430 0.991 0.242 0.410 0.981 0.474 0.442 0.995 NPG SPECT UnTagAC 0.424 0.500 0.993 0.347 0.410 0.984 0.433 0.442 0.996 75% GAC 0.440 0.500 0.990 0.376 0.344 0.985 0.346 0.374 0.991 40% GAC 0.357 0.500 0.989 0.366 0.344 0.988 0.371 0.295 0.991 Non AC 0.056 0.410 0.905 0.014 0.344 0.853 0.028 0.442 0.885 ED (%) STPG SPECT UnTagAC 0.418 0.295 0.999 0.269 0.500 0.992 0.439 0.500 0.996 75% GAC 0.418 0.295 0.999 0.355 0.500 0.996 0.124 0.500 0.824 40% GAC 0.426 0.295 0.999 0.276 0.500 0.993 0.302 0.500 0.976 NPG SPECT UnTagAC 0.429 0.500 0.999 0.495 0.295 0.992 0.492 0.500 0.999 75% GAC 0.477 0.500 0.999 0.486 0.410 0.999 0.489 0.500 0.999 40% GAC 0.437 0.500 0.999 0.292 0.500 0.993 0.491 0.500 0.999 Non AC 0.158 0.500 0.806 0.034 0.430 0.896 0.027 0.500 0.907 ES (%) STPG SPECT UnTagAC 0.459 0.500 0.999 0.380 0.500 0.989 0.449 0.500 0.997 75% GAC 0.459 0.451 0.999 0.402 0.451 0.997 0.467 0.458 0.998 40% GAC 0.467 0.500 0.999 0.389 0.500 0.992 0.497 0.500 0.997 NPG SPECT UnTagAC 0.476 0.500 0.999 0.415 0.451 0.980 0.458 0.500 0.999 75% GAC 0.456 0.451 0.999 0.498 0.451 0.999 0.481 0.458 0.999 40% GAC 0.447 0.500 0.999 0.397 0.500 0.994 0.476 0.500 0.999 Non AC 0.146 0.205 0.876 0.066 0.330 0.784 0.130 0.500 0.857 Motion (mm) STPG SPECT UnTagAC 0.498 0.500 0.998 0.000 0.424 0.953 0.011 0.472 0.998 75% GAC 0.498 0.460 0.999 0.415 0.424 0.997 0.462 0.500 0.999 40% GAC 0.492 0.478 0.998 0.419 0.476 0.990 0.468 0.500 0.998 NPG SPECT UnTagAC 0.489 0.479 0.998 0.414 0.476 0.991 0.485 0.475 0.998 75% GAC 0.491 0.479 0.999 0.483 0.500 0.990 0.483 0.475 0.999 40% GAC 0.486 0.479 0.998 0.422 0.478 0.994 0.486 0.500 0.998 Non AC 0.396 0.395 0.986 0.430 0.395 0.942 0.298 0.410 0.968 Thickening (%) STPG SPECT UnTagAC 0.389 0.374 0.998 0.453 0.400 0.994 0.424 0.374 0.989 75% GAC 0.389 0.295 0.999 0.497 0.430 0.993 0.461 0.374 0.990 40% GAC 0.456 0.374 0.998 0.493 0.500 0.995 0.446 0.430 0.986 NPG SPECT UnTagAC 0.408 0.374 0.992 0.462 0.463 0.991 0.424 0.430 0.992 75% GAC 0.472 0.500 0.996 0.499 0.458 0.998 0.451 0.500 0.994 40% GAC 0.409 0.374 0.985 0.492 0.500 0.998 0.488 0.500 0.996 Non AC 0.424 0.5 0.874 0.436 0.463 0.930 0.426 0.330 0.878 AC = attenuation correction method; r = correlation coefficient; non-AC = non–attenuation-corrected.
Normal = F(10,10) < 0.5, P = 0.05; defect = F(5,5) < 0.5, P = 0.05.
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