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Research ArticleRadiation Safety

90Y Contamination in the Interventional Radiology Suite: VARSKIN Estimation of Skin and Eye Injury and Review of Mitigation Strategies

Michael Arseneault, George Mawko and Robert J. Abraham
Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology August 2023, jnmt.122.265108; DOI: https://doi.org/10.2967/jnmt.122.265108
Michael Arseneault
1Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; and
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George Mawko
2Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Robert J. Abraham
2Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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  • FIGURE 1.
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    FIGURE 1.

    Skin radiation dose (mSv) per second of exposure from external contamination by 44-MBq droplet to unbroken skin with and without cover.

  • FIGURE 2.
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    FIGURE 2.

    Skin radiation dose (mSv) per minute of exposure from external contamination by 44-MBq droplet to unbroken skin with and without cover.

  • FIGURE 3.
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    FIGURE 3.

    Radiation dose (mSv) to lens of eye per second of exposure from contamination by 44-MBq droplet directly on eye surface.

  • FIGURE 4.
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    FIGURE 4.

    Time to annual skin dose limit of 500 mSv from external contamination by single 0.05-mL droplet to unbroken skin with and without cover from range of vial activities at time of administration.

  • FIGURE 5.
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    FIGURE 5.

    Dose rate (mSv/h) to 1 cm2 of unbroken skin from 1-MBq (0.05 mL) droplet of 90Y in relation to number of layers of 0.2-mm-thick surgical gloves covering unbroken skin.

  • FIGURE 6.
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    FIGURE 6.

    General safety procedures to handle spills. (Adapted from (10).) Standalone downloadable version of this figure is available as supplemental file at http://tech.snmjournals.org.

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    TABLE 1.

    Glass and Resin Microsphere Average Activity per Milliliter and per 0.05-mL Droplet of Solution Delivered Through Microcatheter During Dose Administration

    Vial activityDelivery solution average activity per mL (MBq)Delivery solution average activity per 0.05-mL droplet (MBq)
    Glass (GBq/0.6 mL vial)
     1492.5
     2975
     31467
     419410
     524212
     629115
     734017
     838819
     943722
     1048524
     1153427
     1258329
     1363132
     1468034
     1572836
     1677739
     1782541
     1887444
    Resin (GBq/5 mL vial)
     1402
     2804
     31206
     41608
     520010
     624012
     728014
     832016
     936018
     1040020
     1144022
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    TABLE 2.

    External Dose Rate from Droplet of 1 MBq of 90Y to Unbroken Skin

    GeometryDose rate (mSv min−1/MBq)Exposure time (min) to receive maximum annual equivalent dose (500 mSv)Exposure time (min) to receive investigational/action level of 10% of maximum annual equivalent dose (50 mSv)
    No cover28.717.41.7
    Single surgical gloves21.323.52.4
    Double surgical gloves17.528.62.9
    Surgical gown1631.33.1

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Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology: 53 (1)
Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
Vol. 53, Issue 1
March 1, 2025
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90Y Contamination in the Interventional Radiology Suite: VARSKIN Estimation of Skin and Eye Injury and Review of Mitigation Strategies
Michael Arseneault, George Mawko, Robert J. Abraham
Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology Aug 2023, jnmt.122.265108; DOI: 10.2967/jnmt.122.265108
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Keywords

  • 90Y
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90Y Contamination in the Interventional Radiology Suite: VARSKIN Estimation of Skin and Eye Injury and Review of Mitigation Strategies
Michael Arseneault, George Mawko, Robert J. Abraham
Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology Aug 2023, jnmt.122.265108; DOI: 10.2967/jnmt.122.265108

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