Monitoring the Occupational Radiation Exposure of an Individual at Multiple Institutions

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FIGURE 1.
Radiation monitoring badges measure over time and do not provide real-time radiation exposure read-out. (A) Clockwise from top left: Luxel+ (Landauer) dosimeter badge that measures radiation exposure due to x-rays, γ-rays, and β-rays with optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) technology (15); inside of OSL badge; holder clip for Luxel+ OSL badge; film badge to measure and record radiation exposure due to x-rays, γ-rays, β-rays, and neutron radiation, which incorporates series of filters to determine quality of radiation; and a thermoluminescent extremity badge with a better view in B (16). (B) Thermoluminescent dosimetry extremity badge that measures exposure due to x-rays, β-radiation, and γ-radiation (17).
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FIGURE 2.
Digital electronic pocket dosimeters provide individual with immediate reading of exposure to x-rays and γ-rays (16). (A) Front of dosimeter (with AA battery), where real-time exposure can be viewed. (B) Top of dosimeter.

TABLE 1.

Radiation Safety Survey

Question	Answer
At what type of institution are you currently employed?	(A) Academic, (B) Community, (C) Government, (D) Other
Is institution you currently work at inside United States?	Yes or no
How long have you worked at this institution?	(A) <1 y, (B) 1–5 y, (C) 5–10 y, (D) >10 y with reference category set as D
Are you currently in charge of radiation safety program at your institution?	Yes or no
Do you request dosimetry reports for employees who work at multiple institutions?	Yes or no
Do you have any other comments or concerns regarding radiation exposure that you would like to share?	(Open for free text)
If you are open to discussing your institution-specific policies, please leave your contact information below.	(Open for free text)

TABLE 2.

Dose Limits for OSHA and NRC (2,8)

	Radiation dose limit periods
Parameter	OSHA, quarterly	NRC, annually
Deep dose equivalent	1.25 rem (0.0125 Sv)	5 rem (0.05 Sv)
Shallow dose equivalent	18.75 rem (0.1875 Sv), extremities; 7.5 rem (0.075 Sv), skin	50 rem (0.5 Sv)
Lens dose equivalent	1.25 rem (0.0125 Sv)	15 rem (0.15 Sv)

TABLE 3.

Comparison of Annual Dose for OSHA and NRC (2,8)

Parameter	OSHA	NRC
Deep dose equivalent	5 rem (0.05 Sv)	5 rem (0.05 Sv)
Shallow dose equivalent	75 rem (0.75 Sv), extremities; 30 rem (0.3 Sv), skin	50 rem (0.5 Sv)
Lens dose equivalent	5 rem (0.05 Sv)	15 rem (0.15 Sv)