Bullying in the Nuclear Medicine Department and During Clinical Nuclear Medicine Education

Article Figures & Data

TABLE 2

Frequencies of Negative Behaviors

Item	Frequency					Median	n
	Never	Now and then	Monthly	Weekly	Daily
Having someone withhold information that affects your performance	358 (42.8%)	225 (26.9%)	36 (4.3%)	94 (11.2%)	124 (14.8%)	1 (IQV, 3)	837
Facing repeated reminders of your errors or mistakes	359 (43%)	232 (27.8%)	40 (4.8%)	93 (11.1%)	111 (13.3%)	1 (IQV, 2)	835
Facing persistent criticism of your work	417 (49.9%)	175 (21%)	33 (4.0%)	91 (10.9%)	119 (14.3%)	1 (IQV, 3)	835
Having gossip and rumors spread about you	392 (46.9%)	216 (25.9%)	40 (4.8%)	62 (7.4%)	125 (15%)	1 (IQV, 2)	835
Having insulting or offensive remarks made about your person (i.e., habits and background), your attitudes, or your private life	446 (53.4%)	180 (21.6%)	34 (4.1%)	68 (8.1%)	107 (12.8%)	0.0000 (IQV, 2)	835
Being shouted at or being the target of spontaneous anger or rage	482 (57.7%)	204 (24.4%)	33 (4.0%)	56 (6.7%)	60 (7.2%)	0.0000 (IQV, 1)	835
Being ignored or excluded	324 (38.8%)	226 (27.1%)	33 (4.0%)	87 (10.4%)	165 (19.8%)	1 (IQV, 3)	835
Facing a hostile reaction when you approach	442 (52.9%)	172 (20.6%)	28 (3.4%)	68 (8.1%)	125 (15.0%)	0.0000 (IQV, 2)	835
Being the subject of practical jokes by people with whom you do not get along	632 (75.8%)	122 (14.6%)	15 (1.8%)	27 (3.2%)	38 (4.6%)	0.0000 (IQV, 0.00)	834
Experiencing WPB at work within the past 6 mo	444 (53.2%)	82 (9.8%)	152 (18.2%)	90 (10.8%)	67 (8.0%)	1 (IQV, 2)	835

TABLE 3

WPB Data Regarding Students Versus Professionals

Category	n	χ² test of independence	P	V	Fisher exact test
Experienced WPB as a student	780	= 1.741	0.187	0.047	—
Witnessed WPB as a student	780	= 0.722	0.396	0.030	—
Experienced WPB as a professional	780	= 492.224	0.001*	0.794	0.001
Witnessed WPB as a professional	778	= 511.588	0.001*	0.811	0.001

TABLE 4

NM Respondent Demographics and WPB

			Bullied at work within previous 6 mo
Characteristic	n	% of total	No	Yes	P	V
Sex
Male	271	35.8	168	103
Female	474	62.5	233	241
Other/prefer not to answer	13	1.7	7	6
Total	758	100	408	350	0.003*	0.123
Age (y)
<25	22	2.9	10	12
26–35	70	9.2	43	27
36–45	167	22.0	74	93
46–55	222	29.3	119	103
>56	277	36.5	162	115
Total	758	100	408	350	0.029*	0.119
Race
Black	47	6.2	27	20
Asian	33	4.4	19	14
Hispanic	46	6.1	25	21
White	586	77.3	312	274
Other/prefer not to answer	46	6.1	25	21
Total	758	100	408	350	0.971	0.026
Height
Petite	161	21.3	75	86
Average†	362	47.8	194	168
Tall	234	20.9	138	96
Total	757	100	407	350	0.052	0.088
Body type
Underweight	12	1.6	3	9
Healthy	479	63.2	266	213
Overweight	242	31.9	130	112
Obese	25	3.3	9	16
Total	758	100	408	350	0.051	0.101
Experience (y)
≤1	23	3.0	14	9
1–2	20	2.6	8	12
3–4	24	3.2	12	12
5–6	24	3.2	9	15
7–10	41	5.4	25	16
11–15	107	14.1	50	57
16–20	117	15.4	58	59
≥20	402	53.0	232	170
Total	758	100	408	350	0.138	0.121
Education level
Certificate	40	5.3	21	19
Associate	209	27.6	123	86
Bachelor	412	54.4	217	195
Master	90	11.9	44	46
Doctoral	7	0.9	3	4
Total	758	100	408	350	0.464	0.069
NM occupation
Administrator	65	7.8	47	18
Educator	12	1.4	8	4
Technologist	696	83.4	350	345
Student	24	2.9	13	11
Other	38	4.6	25	13
Total	835	100	443	391	0.005*	0.134

TABLE 5

Awareness of Antibullying Policies

Answer	NMT professional	NMT student	Total
No, my facility does not have antibullying policies
Count	49 (6.5%)	0 (0%)	49 (6.3%)
Expected count	47.5	1.5	49.0
Yes, my facility has antibullying policies, and they are enforced
Count	287 (38.1%)	6 (25%)	293 (37.7%)
Expected count	283.9	9.1	293.0
Yes, my facility has antibullying policies, but they are not enforced
Count	221 (29.3%)	5 (20.8%)	226 (29.1%)
Expected count	219.0	7.0	226.0
I do not know whether my facility has antibullying policies
Count	196 (26.0%)	13 (52.4%)	209 (26.9%)
Expected count	202.5	6.5	209.0
Total
Count	753	24	777 (100%)
Expected count	753.0	24.0	777.0

TABLE 6

Data on Initiators and Targets of WPB, Stratified by Position

	If you experienced WPB in NM…		If you witnessed WPB in NM…
Position	Who initiated it? (n = 780)	What position were you in? (n = 779)	Who initiated it? (n = 778)	Who was the target? (n = 776)
Administrator	213 (27.3%)	23 (3.0%)	201 (25.8%)	21 (2.7%)
Radiologist	171 (21.9%)	3 (0.3%)	163 (21.0%)	13 (1.7%)
Radiology nurse	43 (5.5%)	0 (0.0%)	48 (6.2%)	16 (2.1%)
Radiology scheduler or secretary	31 (4.0%)	3 (0.4%)	31 (4.0%)	30 (3.9%)
Technologist	398 (51.0%)	467 (59.9%)	398 (51.2%)	465 (59.9%)
Student	16 (2.1%)	162 (20.8%)	17 (2.2%)	191 (24.6%)
Educator	39 (5.0%)	7 (0.9%)	36 (4.6%)	7 (0.9%)
Did not experience WPB	251 (32.2%)	250 (32.1%)	258 (33.2%)	260 (33.5%)