Radiation Exposure to the Nuclear Medicine Personnel During Preparation and Handling of 213Bi-Radiopharmaceuticals

Article Figures & Data

TABLE 1

Whole-Body and Extremity Radiation Dose to Radiopharmacist

Radiopharmacist	Handled activity (MBq)	Procedures (n)	Time per procedure (min)	Dose per procedure (μSv)	Extremity dose per procedure (μSv)
Radiopharmacist	Handled activity (MBq)	Procedures (n)	Time per procedure (min)	Dose per procedure (μSv)	Right hand	Left hand
1	323 ± 45	18	34.31 ± 2.21	4.47 ± 1.6	11.46 ± 2.63	7.30 ± 2.40
2	341 ± 21	7	36.64 ± 2.54	6.24 ± 1.8	12.50 ± 2.53	9.20 ± 1.41
3	284 ± 40	11	35.46 ± 2.32	5.56 ± 1.4	11.20 ± 2.70	8.80 ± 1.57

TABLE 2

Whole-Body External and Extremity Dose to Injector

Radiation worker	Injected activity (MBq)	Injections (n)	Time per injection (min)	Dose per injection (μSv)	Extremity dose per injection (μSv)
Radiation worker	Injected activity (MBq)	Injections (n)	Time per injection (min)	Dose per injection (μSv)	Right hand	Left hand
Physician 1	268 ± 42	7	2.66 ± 0.97	0.43 ± 0.53	1.00 ± 0.81	0.72 ± 0.75
Physician 2	250 ± 60	6	4.22 ± 0.89	0.33 ± 0.52	1.75 ± 0.52	0.50 ± 0.55
Physician 3	235 ± 53	7	3.12 ± 1.02	0.33 ± 0.52	1.33 ± 0.52	1.10 ± 0.63
Technologist 1	260 ± 33	6	4.02 ± 0.99	0.26 ± 0.41	1.50 ± 0.54	0.67 ± 0.52
Technologist 2	323 ± 32	5	2.45 ± 0.89	0.40 ± 0.55	1.52 ± 0.54	1.00 ± 0.71
Technologist 3	276 ± 28	5	3.48 ± 1.05	0.25 ± 0.50	1.65 ± 0.96	0.75 ± 0.5

TABLE 4

Extremity Dose to Nurse During Blood Sampling

				Extremity dose per patient (μSv)
Nurse	Injected activity (MBq)	Patients handled (n)	Time per patient^*(min)	Right hand	Left hand
1	291 ± 42	5	22.23 ± 1.23	5.5 ± 0.83	3.8 ± 0.74
2	284 ± 46	4	23.67 ± 1.02	6.4 ± 1.33	4.6 ± 0.71

TABLE 5

Dose Rates at Various Time Points and Distances from Anterior Chest of Patients

		Measured mean dose rate (μSv/h) from patient after mean injected activity of 288 MBq (7.8 mCi) (n = 12)			Calculated dose rate/MBq injected (μSv/MBq⋅h)
Time after injection (h)	Distance (m)	Net	Gross	Range	Mean	Range
0	0.1	82.58	83.44	60–115	0.286	0.19–0.36
	1	6.85	7.63	5.51–7.67	0.023	0.02–0.03
1	0.1	17.14	18.25	5.40–32	0.060	0.02–0.11
	1	0.78	1.61	0.55–1.17	0.003	0.001–0.004
2	0.1	4.43	5.25	1.20–6.11	0.015	0.004–0.019
	1	0.57	1.09	0.46–0.68	0.002	0.001–0.003
4	0.1	1.23	2.05	0.55–2.10	0.004	0.001–0.006
	1	0.22	0.93	0.21–0.32	0.0006	0.0003–0.0007