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A 3-Dimensional Mathematic Cylinder Phantom for the Evaluation of the Fundamental Performance of SPECT

Hideo Onishi, Nobutoku Motomura, Masaaki Takahashi, Masamichi Yanagisawa and Koichi Ogawa
Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology March 2010, 38 (1) 42-48; DOI: https://doi.org/10.2967/jnmt.108.061192

Article Figures & Data

Figures

  • FIGURE 1. 
    FIGURE 1. 

    Projection view (A) and surface-rendered image (B) of 3D-MAC phantom.

  • FIGURE 2. 
    FIGURE 2. 

    Dimension specifications of 3D-MAC phantom (A) and its detailed components (B).

  • FIGURE 3. 
    FIGURE 3. 

    (A) Ideal images of each stacked cylinder diameter and uniform parts of 3D-MAC phantom. Image matrix is 128 × 128, and pixels are 2 × 2 mm. (B) Because this is 3D-MACl phantom, slice range of each volume is automatically calculated when image reconstruction range is set from 1 to 128 (64). Phantom volume at image matrix and pixel size is shown in table. (C) Reconstruction image range. ϕ = diameter.

  • FIGURE 4. 
    FIGURE 4. 

    SPECT projection dataset. (A) Total component in main window. (B) Primary component in main window. (C) Scatter component in main window. (D) Total component in low subwindow.

  • FIGURE 5. 
    FIGURE 5. 

    Images displaying ROI settings for contrast evaluation; ROIs are set at 100% or 65% against slice of 40-mm-diameter stacked cylinder of 3D-MAC phantom and are adapted to processed images. Processed images are data generated using LEGP collimator with rotation radius of 200 mm and 100-count maximum in 1 pixel in projection.

  • FIGURE 6. 
    FIGURE 6. 

    Graph shows relative count values for each cylinder in HR/150, HR/200, and GP/200 images. SPECT count values for 60-mm cylinder in HR/150 image is set at 1.0 HR/200-LEHR, radius of detector rotation is 200 mm; GP/200-LEGP, radius of detector rotation is 200 mm; HR/150-LEHR, radius of detector rotation is 150 mm.

  • FIGURE 7. 
    FIGURE 7. 

    These images provide comparison between OSEM and FBP methods. At top are images obtained with each reconstruction method, and at bottom is count profile curve of stacked cylinder with 20-mm diameter.

  • FIGURE 8. 
    FIGURE 8. 

    SPECT images of slice of uniform volume of phantom with and without scatter correction and with and without attenuation correction in uniformity. (A) Without scatter and attenuation correction. (B) With scatter correction only. (C) With attenuation correction only. (D) With scatter correction and attenuation correction.

  • FIGURE 9. 
    FIGURE 9. 

    Reconstructed images of projection data imported to these commercially available data-processing devices: GENIE (A), GMS-5500 (B), e.soft (C), and Odyssey (D). ϕ = diameter.

  • FIGURE 10. 
    FIGURE 10. 

    We have created count profile curves that normalized by count of edge in uniform image. (A) Combinations of scatter correction and attenuation correction. (B) Count profile curves are shown for following values of linear attenuation coefficients: μ = 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.20 cm−1. +Sc = with scatter correction; +Ac = with attenuation correction; −Sc = without scatter correction; −Ac = without attenuation correction.

Tables

  • TABLE 1

    Parameters of 7 Simulations

    Simulation no.CollimatorRadius of rotation (mm)Pixel size (mm)Maximum counts in single projectionField of view (cm)Matrix size
    1LEHR200410025.664 × 64
    2LEGP200410025.664 × 64
    3LEHR150410025.664 × 64
    4LEHR150210025.6128 × 128
    5LEHR20045025.664 × 64
    6LEHR200610038.464 × 64
    7LEGP200610038.464 × 64

    • Projection sampling angle is 3.

  • TABLE 2

    DICOM Data Imported to 4 Commercially Available Data Processors

    ParameterGMS-5500e.softOdysseyGENIE
    Pixel size (mm)2222
    Total counts39,624,47039,628,23239,628,04039,628,233
    Projection maximal counts for angle…
     082858585
     4596959595
     9092919191
     13588878787
     18085848484
     22594939393
     27081808080
     31588878787
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