Article Figures & Data
Tables
Organ system and protocol Radiopharmaceutical Patients (n) M/F (n) Age (y) Weight (kg) Activity (MBq) Modality Skeletal/marrow 99mTc-MDP 2,284 882/1,402 59.29 ± 15.83 59.27 ± 13.51 720.39 ± 98.79 SPECT Cardiovascular MUGA 99mTc-RBC 317 16/301 53.61 ± 10.87 58.62 ± 10.48 752.21 ± 90.65 SPECT, SPECT/CT MPI MIBI Rest 99mTc-MIBI 205 97/108 66.33 ± 10.91 62.78 ± 15.75 421.06 ± 204.61 SPECT, SPECT/CT Stress 211 97/114 65.92 ± 11.24 62.11 ± 14.0 719.28 ± 303.40 SPECT, SPECT/CT MPI 201Tl 201Tl-chloride 40 30/10 68.28 ± 9.82 62.99 ± 15.56 97.68 ± 25.16 SPECT, SPECT/CT Pulmonary Perfusion 99mTc-MAA 40 15/25 64.09 ± 14.02 59.41 ± 13.56 227.55 ± 74.00 SPECT, SPECT/CT Ventilation 99mTc-DTPA aerosol 24 12/11 62.65 ± 11.05 66.65 ± 13.71 916.49 ± 190.18 SPECT, SPECT/CT 99mTc-Technegas* 662.30 ± 139.49 SPECT, SPECT/CT Gastrointestinal Protein losing 99mTc-HSA 15 5/10 51.16 ± 13.91 55.48 ± 8.34 609.02 ± 186.48 SPECT, SPECT/CT Hepatobiliary 99mTc-IDA 12 8/4 64.59 ± 21.65 67.32 ± 16.60 237.17 ± 66.97 SPECT, SPECT/CT Esophagus 99mTc-phytate 20 3/17 51.5 ± 11.43 54.56 ± 8.94 31.45 ± 1.11 SPECT Gastric emptying 99mTc-phytate (solid meal) 22 7/15 51.52 ± 19.79 58.28 ± 6.52 38.85 ± 5.92 SPECT GI bleeding 99mTc-RBC 13 9/4 64.82 ± 14.91 56.64 ± 8.42 490.99 ± 199.06 SPECT, SPECT/CT Hemangiomas 99mTc-pertechnetate 10 3/7 50.49 ± 20.64 57.79 ± 6.71 214.97 ± 91.02 SPECT, SPECT/CT Genitourinary 99mTc-MAG3 99 58/42 47.76 ± 15.51 61.42 ± 13.41 134.31 ± 75.85 SPECT 99mTc-DTPA 49 25/24 49.98 ± 16.06 63.98 ± 15.94 156.51 ± 136.53 SPECT Oncology 131I-sodium iodide 99 14/85 46.42 ± 13.68 63.83 ± 14.24 95.83 ± 33.67 SPECT, SPECT/CT 131I-MIBG 21 5/16 48.25 ± 15.98 61.29 ± 13.49 44.77 ± 9.25 SPECT, SPECT/CT 67Ga-citrate 35 4/2 28.98 ± 11.81 55.0 ± 10.31 158.73 ± 22.57 SPECT, SPECT/CT 99mTc-MIBI 29 8/22 49.02 ± 16.54 62.62 ± 13.87 731.49 ± 78.07 SPECT, SPECT/CT 18F-FDG 196 92/104 59.63 ± 14.80 59.84 ± 11.98 324.12 ± 83.62 PET/CT 18F-PSMA 15 15/0 68.64 ± 5.14 62.74 ± 0.61 242.72 ± 22.57 PET/CT 68Ga-PSMA 17 17/0 70.62 ± 10.54 70.03 ± 10.58 187.96 ± 44.03 PET/CT Lymphatic 99mTc-dextran 20 3/17 57.49 ± 12.09 76.62 ± 22.61 96.20 ± 24.79 SPECT 99mTc-nanocolloid 31 0/31 58.07 ± 12.23 NA 16.65 ± 10.73 SPECT, SPECT/CT Endocrine Thyroid 99mTc-pertechnetate 332 54/278 49.22 ± 15.33 60.77 ± 12.43 120.25 ± 39.22 SPECT 131I-sodium iodide 201 28/173 47.33 ± 14.66 61.32 ± 13.25 122.10 ± 82.88 SPECT Parathyroid 99mTc-pertechnetate 72 29/43 51.46 ± 15.75 57.99 ± 13.81 155.03 ± 117.66 SPECT, SPECT/CT 99mTc-MIBI 106 42/64 51.96 ± 15.60 58.33 ± 14.54 709.29 ± 121.73 SPECT, SPECT/CT Nervous system 18F-FDG 18 9/9 71.66 ± 10.72 56.58 ± 8.26 251.23 ± 35.52 PET/CT Infection/ inflammation 67Ga-citrate 8 5/3 46.87 ± 17.41 43.03 ± 8.39 186.85 ± 19.98 SPECT/CT 99mTc-SC-WBC 9 5/4 67.55 ± 14.04 48.0 728.90 ± 71.78 SPECT ↵* Cyclomedica.
MDP = methylene diphosphonate; MUGA = multigated acquisition; RBC = red blood cells; MPI = myocardial perfusion imaging; MIBI = methoxyisobutylisonitrile; MAA = macroaggregated albumin; DTPA = diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid; HSA = human serum albumin; IDA = iminodiacetic acid; GI = gastrointestinal; MAG3 = mercaptoacetyltriglycine; NA = not applicable; PSMA = prostate-specific membrane antigen; SC-WBC = sulfur colloid white blood cells.
Age, weight, and activity are expressed as mean ± SD.
Percentile of dose distribution Organ system and protocol Radiopharmaceutical Mean activity ± SD (MBq) 25th 50th 75th Mean NDRL (MBq) Skeletal/marrow 99mTc-MDP 720.39 ± 98.79 680.80 747.03 773.30 720.39 773.3 Cardiovascular MUGA 99mTc-RBC 752.21 ± 90.65 715.58 740.00 795.50 752.21 795.5 MPI MIBI Rest 99mTc-MIBI 421.06 ± 204.61 273.80 310.80 658.60 421.06 658.6 Stress 99mTc-MIBI 719.28 ± 303.40 305.25 740.00 947.2 719.28 947.2 MPI 201Tl 201Tl-chloride 97.68 ± 25.16 92.50 99.90 115.81 97.68 115.81 Pulmonary Perfusion 99mTc-MAA 227.55 ± 74.00 185.00 214.60 240.5 227.55 240.5 Ventilation 99mTc-DTPA aerosol 916.49 ± 190.18 784.4 888.00 1110 916.49 1110 99mTc-Technegas* 662.30 ± 139.49 545.38 678.58 752.95 662.30 752.95 Gastrointestinal Protein losing 99mTc-HSA 609.02 ± 186.48 408.48 632.70 723.35 609.02 723.35 Hepatobiliary 99mTc-IDA 237.17 ± 66.97 195.36 214.23 235.69 237.17 235.69 Esophagus 99mTc-phytate (esophagus) 31.45 ± 1.11 30.71 31.45 31.45 31.45 31.45 Gastric emptying 99mTc-phytate (solid meal) 38.85 ± 5.92 37.37 39.22 40.7 38.85 40.7 GI bleeding 99mTc-RBC 490.99 ± 199.06 307.84 451.77 677.1 488.40 677.1 Hemangiomas 99mTc-pertechnetate 214.97 ± 91.02 185.00 185.00 186.48 214.97 186.48 Genitourinary 99mTc-MAG3 134.31 ± 75.85 108.41 118.40 134.31 134.41 134.31 99mTc-DTPA 156.51 ± 136.53 66.60 185.00 185 156.51 185 Oncology 131I-sodium iodide 95.83 ± 33.67 74.00 74.00 111 95.83 111 131I-MIBG 44.77 ± 9.25 38.48 42.55 46.62 44.77 46.62 67Ga-citrate 158.73 ± 22.57 144.30 144.67 174.64 158.73 174.64 99mTc-MIBI 731.49 ± 78.07 740.00 754.80 784.4 731.49 784.4 18F-FDG 324.12 ± 83.62 268.62 320.42 376.29 324.12 376.29 18F-PSMA 242.72 ± 22.57 223.48 237.91 263.81 242.72 263.81 68Ga-PSMA 187.96 ± 44.03 150.59 190.55 209.05 187.96 209.05 Lymphatic 99mTc-dextran 96.20 ± 24.79 79.18 90.65 103.6 96.20 103.6 99mTc-nanocolloid 16.65 ± 10.73 14.80 14.80 14.8 16.65 14.8 Endocrine Thyroid 99mTc-pertechnetate 120.25 ± 39.22 91.02 109.52 140.6 120.25 140.6 131I-sodium iodide 122.1 ± 82.88 74.00 111.00 185 122.10 185 Parathyroid 99mTc-pertechnetate 155.03 ± 117.66 106.19 130.98 166.5 155.03 166.5 99mTc-MIBI 709.29 ± 121.73 604.58 740.00 794.76 709.29 794.76 Nervous system 18F-FDG 251.23 ± 35.52 223.48 251.23 268.25 251.23 268.25 Infection/inflammation 67Ga-citrate 186.85 ± 19.98 49.58 186.11 192.4 186.85 192.4 99mTc-SC-WBC 728.9 ± 71.78 736.3 740.00 765.9 728.9 765.9 ↵* Cyclomedica.
MDP = methylene diphosphonate; MUGA = multigated acquisition; RBC = red blood cells; MPI = myocardial perfusion imaging; MIBI = methoxyisobutylisonitrile; MAA = macroaggregated albumin; DTPA = diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid; HSA = human serum albumin; IDA = iminodiacetic acid; GI = gastrointestinal; MAG3 = mercaptoacetyltriglycine; PSMA = prostate-specific membrane antigen; SC-WBC = sulfur colloid white blood cells.
Organ system and protocol Radiopharmaceutical Thailand Japan Korea Australia Kuwait U.K. United States European Union Skeletal/marrow 99mTc-MDP 773.3 950 925 920 944 600 848–1,185 500–1,110 Cardiovascular MUGA 99mTc-RBC 795.5 — 740 1,030 740 800 916–1,301 600–1,000 MPI MIBI Rest 99mTc-MIBI 658.6 900 555 620 976 800 519–1,153 560 Stress 947.2 1,200 1,110 1,520 976 800 945–1,402 1,100 MPI 201Tl 201Tl-chloride 115.81 180 111 120 — 80 — 75–150 Pulmonary (perfusion) 99mTc-MAA 240.5 260 222 240 217.5 100 147–226 100–296 Gastrointestinal Hepatobiliary 99mTc-IDA 235.69 — 370 210 — 150 — — Gastric emptying 99mTc-phytate (solid meal) 40.7 — 111 44 37 12 31–50 150–540 Genitourinary 99mTc-MAG3 134.31 400 500 305 370 100 283–379 100–370 99mTc-DTPA 185 400 555 500 90 300 407–587 — Oncology 131I-sodium iodide 111 — 185 185 — 400 — 90–400 18F-FDG 376.29 240 370 310 230 400 461–710 200–400 Endocrine Thyroid 99mTc-pertechnetate 140.6 300 217 215 185 80 — 75–222 131I-sodium iodide 185 — 185 185 200 400 — 90–400 Parathyroid 99mTc-MIBI 794.76 800 740 900 900 900 — 400–900 Nervous system 18F-FDG 268.25 240 370 250 231 250 — — Infection/inflammation 99mTc-SC-WBC 765.9 — 888 800 892.5 200 — 300–600 MDP = methylene diphosphonate; MUGA = multigated acquisition; RBC = red blood cells; MPI = myocardial perfusion imaging; MIBI = methoxyisobutylisonitrile; MAA = macroaggregated albumin; IDA = iminodiacetic acid; MAG3 = mercaptoacetyltriglycine; SC-WBC = sulfur colloid white blood cells.
Data are megabecquerels.
