Article Figures & Data
Figures
- FIGURE 1.
Bar chart for student mean and ChatGPT score for each calculation examination, including performance for short problems and complex problems.
- FIGURE 2.
Bar chart for student mean and ChatGPT score for each of 6 subjects that had written tasks evaluated. NM = nuclear medicine.
- FIGURE 3.
Bar chart for student mean and ChatGPT score for each of 8 subjects that had examinations evaluated. NM = nuclear medicine.
- FIGURE 4.
Bar chart for Turnitin AI score for ChatGPT assignments for 6 subjects that had ChatGPT assignments generated and ChatGPT examination answers for each of 8 courses that had examinations generated. NM = nuclear medicine.
Tables
- TABLE 1.
Summary of Potential Applications of ChatGPT in Nuclear Medicine Student Education, with Evaluation of That Capability Against Findings of This Investigation
ChatGPT capability Evidence Comment Language assistant ✔ Is useful to develop language skills when English is second language Accessibility ✔ Is useful for supportive technology Generation of lecture notes ? Could fill gaps but requires confidence in accuracy and currency of content Interactive learning ? Requires confidence in accuracy and currency of content Personalized learning ? Is useful perhaps for first-year students performing at lower level but not for advanced students Group collaboration ? Is useful perhaps for first-year students but lacks insights and depth to facilitate meaningful discussion Feedback ? Requires confidence in accuracy and currency of content Question answering ? Requires confidence in accuracy and currency of content Question creation ? Requires confidence in accuracy and currency of content Suggestion of group discussion topics ? Requires confidence in accuracy and currency of content Provision of case studies ? Is useful perhaps for basic studies but not for novel, complex, or new applications or old applications with refined approaches Independent learning × Lacks currency, depth of insight, and accuracy of information to benefit students Assignment help × Provides writing that is inadequate, research that is shallow, and information that is not current or accurate Information and resources × Provides research that is shallow and information that is not current or accurate Writing assistance × Lacks professionalism, does not target audience, and ignores important writing conventions (e.g., referencing) ✔ = applications our evidence supports; × = applications for which evidence suggests no role; ? = applications for which evidence suggests limited role.
- TABLE 2.
Selection of Learning Outcomes for Specific Examination or Assignment Tasks Across Some Evaluated Courses
Learning outcome descriptor Assessment type Current credit standard Current passing-score standard Describe, explain, and implement Written task Compare data across some relevant primary literature, explain some relationships across data, and summarize key concepts Compare data with some relevant literature, describe some relationships among data, and state some key concepts Identify, explain, and apply Examination Recall mostly accurate facts, generally apply relevant knowledge correctly within context most of the time, explain important relationships across data most of the time, and provide plausible interpretation Recall some accurate facts, apply relevant knowledge correctly within context some of the time, explain important relationships across data some of the time, and provide interpretation Explain and apply principles of Written task Review and contextualize knowledge, with capacity for explanation of practice Review and describe knowledge, with capacity for discussion of practice Demonstrate understanding of Examination Generally apply relevant knowledge correctly within context most of the time Apply relevant knowledge correctly within context some of the time Describe, explain, evaluate, and develop Examination Indicate sound knowledge and application of concepts through descriptions, explanations, and discussion of content Indicate knowledge and application of emerging concepts through descriptions of content Explain and apply Written task Demonstrate sound understanding of themes and course matter; use recent external literature to demonstrate sound comprehension of themes Demonstrate limited understanding of themes and course matter; use external literature to demonstrate limited understanding of themes Recognize and describe Examination Recall facts from course material accurately, with limited but accurate application of facts to presented scenarios Recall facts from course materials and record in basic manner; attempt to apply facts to scenarios presented Data show misalignment with minimum passing-score standards. In each case, it could be argued that to meet learning outcome, credit standard should be minimum passing-score criteria.
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