Article Figures & Data
Figures
- FIGURE 1.
Distribution histogram showing number of patients compared with administered activities for PET 18F-FDG patients (A) and NM bone 99mTc-diphosphonate patients (B). NM = nuclear medicine.
Tables
- TABLE 1.
PET/CT and General NM Procedures: Number of Included Studies, Median Activities (50th Percentile), and DRLs (75th Percentile)
Procedure Agent Studies (n) Median activity, 50th percentile (MBq) DRL, 75th percentile (MBq) PET oncology 18F-FDG 2,523 228 258 PET brain 18F-FDG 10 200 202 PET oncology 18F- or 68Ga-PSMA 94 234 260 PET oncology 18F-NaF 449 158 187 PET oncology 68Ga-DOTATATE 107 135 140 NM bone 99mTc-diphosphonate 95 703 740 NM thyroid uptake 99mTc-pertechnetate 457 189 195 NM WB 131I-NaI 32 185 190 NM parathyroid 99mTc-MIBI 118 374 384 NM cardiac stress or rest 99mTc-MIBI 2,556 925 926 NM lung 99mTc-MAA 82 74 103 NM lymphoscintigraphy 99mTc-phytate 8 19 19 NM hepatobiliary 99mTc-HIDA 19 185 188 NM gastric emptying 99mTc-phyton 52 19 36 NM renogram 99mTc-DTPA 13 186 189 NM renogram 99mTc-MAG3 356 185 189 NM renal scintigraphy 99mTc-DMSA 71 75 101 NM sentinel node localization in breast 99mTc-nanocolloid 211 19 19 NM cardiac 99mTc-pyrophosphate 22 722 740 NM lung ventilation 99mTc-Technegas* 23 74 99 ↵* Cyclomedica.
PSMA = prostate-specific membrane antigen; MAA = macroaggregated albumin; HIDA = hepatobiliary iminodiacetic acid; DTPA = diethylenetriaminepentaacetate; MAG3 = mercaptoacetyltriglycine; DMSA = dimercaptosuccinic acid.
Procedure Agent Qatar (this study) Kuwait (10) Korea (11) Japan (12) Australia (13) U.K. (14) U.S. (15) European Union (16) PET oncology 18F-FDG 258 230 370 240 310 400 461–710 200–400 PET brain 18F-FDG 202 231 370 240 250 250 NM bone 99mTc-diphosphonate 740 944 925 950 920 600 848–1,185 500–1,110 NM thyroid uptake 99mTc-pertechnetate 195 185 217 300 215 80 75–222 NM WB 131I-NaI 190 200 185 185 400 90–400 NM parathyroid 99mTc-MIBI 384 900 740 800 900 900 400–900 NM cardiac stress or rest 99mTc-MIBI 926 976 1,110 1,200 1,520 800 945–1,402 NM lung 99mTc-MAA 103 217.5 222 260 240 100 147–226 100–296 NM lymphoscintigraphy 99mTc-phytate 19 40 148 52 40 74–150 NM gastric emptying 99mTc-phyton 36 37 111 44 12 31–50 150–540 NM renogram 99mTc-DTPA 189 90 555 400 500 300 407–587 NM renogram 99mTc-MAG3 189 370 500 400 305 100 283–379 100–370 NM renal scintigraphy 99mTc-DMSA 101 200 185 210 200 80 189–289 70–183 MIBI = methoxyisobutylisonitrile; MAA = macroaggregated albumin; DTPA = diethylenetriaminepentaacetate; MAG3 = mercaptoacetyltriglycine.
- TABLE 3.
Achievable Dose (50th Percentile) and DRLs (75th Percentile) for Both CTDIvol and DLP for Different Scan Regions Including CT Imaging in PET/CT- and SPECT/CT-Based Scans
Protocol Scan region CTDIvol (mGy) DLP (mGy⋅cm) Achievable dose, 50th percentile DRL, 75th percentile Achievable dose, 50th percentile DRL, 75th percentile PET/CT WB1 Base of skull to mid-thigh 4.08 5.3 378.1 547.93 PET/CT WB2 Vertex to knees 3.68 4.49 453.6 521.75 PET/CT TB Vertex to toes 3.08 4.42 540.4 831.5 SPECT/CT myocardial perfusion Mid chest to lower neck 3.72 4.26 89.62 103.58 SPECT/CT WB* Thorax and abdomen 4.86 4.86 211.48 211.48 ↵* Fixed region size.
- TABLE 4.
Median Activity (50th Percentile) and DRLs (75th Percentile) for ED Calculated Using k Factor for Different Scan Regions Including CT Imaging in PET/CT- and SPECT/CT-Based Scans
Protocol Scan region k factor (mSv⋅mGy−1⋅cm−1) Effective dose (mSv) Median, 50th percentile DRL, 75th percentile PET/CT WB1 Base of skull to mid-thigh 0.0096 3.63 5.26 PET/CT WB2 Vertex to knees 0.0096 4.35 5.01 PET/CT TB Vertex to toes 0.0093 5.03 7.73 SPECT/CT myocardial perfusion Mid chest to lower neck 0.015 1.34 1.59 SPECT/CT WB* Thorax and abdomen 0.015 3.17 3.17 ↵* Fixed region size.
