Article Figures & Data
Figures
- FIGURE 1.
A 20-y-old man with nausea and vomiting who underwent sequential gastric emptying imaging, which showed normal small-bowel transit. There was normal progressive filling of TIR (single arrows) and then early progression into cecum and colon (double arrows) (anterior views). More than 40% of total activity had progressed from TIR into colon by 360 min.
- FIGURE 2.
A 30-y-old man with nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and weight loss who underwent SBTS and was found to have delayed or abnormal small-bowel transit (anterior views). In contrast to patient in Figure 1, there was persistent and diffuse activity within loops of proximal small bowel and no accumulation of activity in TIR (arrows) by 360 min. There was no change in pattern of more proximal loops of small bowel after administration of LNM.
- FIGURE 3.
A 27-y-old woman with nausea, diarrhea, bloating, and abdominal distention who had equivocal SBTS findings but confirmation of TIR and colon localization after administration of LNM (anterior views). There was progression of activity into right lower quadrant, but it was unclear whether this finding represented filling of TIR by 360 min (single arrow). After LNM, however, anatomy was more clearly defined, showing normal progression of activity from TIR into colon (double arrows).
- FIGURE 4.
A 17-y-old boy with abdominal pain and early satiety who had equivocal SBTS findings at 6 h (anterior views). Although there was accumulation of activity in right lower quadrant at 6 h (arrow), this activity did not clearly progress into cecum or ascending colon after LNM. A 24-h image, however, helped to better define anatomy and showed that site of buildup in right lower quadrant (arrow) was in TIR, with progression of activity into ascending, transverse, and descending colon, confirming normal small-bowel transit.
Tables
Baseline characteristic Data Median age (y) 42 (range, 17–81) Sex Male 33 (28.2) Female 84 (71.8) Race White 98 (83.8) Black 8 (6.8) Hispanic 10 (8.5) Mixed 1 (0.9) Body mass index ≤19 15 (12.8) 20–24 32 (27.4) 25–29 37 (31.6) ≥30 33 (28.2) Symptoms Nausea 94 (80.3) Vomiting 76 (65.0) Abdominal pain 47 (40.2) Early satiety 42 (35.9) Weight loss 29 (24.8) Bloating/distention 38 (32.5) Diarrhea 30 (25.6) Constipation 15 (12.8) Decreased appetite/anorexia 9 (7.7) Belching 6 (5.1) Diagnosis Gastroparesis 63 (53.8) Cyclic vomiting syndrome 8 (6.8) IBS 10 (8.5) SIBO 32 (27.4) Malignancy 1 (0.9) GERD 16 (13.7) Dumping syndrome 1 (0.9) Unspecified 17 (14.5) SIBO = small intestinal bacterial overgrowth; GERD = gastroesophageal reflux disease.
Except for age, data are numbers followed by percentage in parentheses; n = 117 patients total.
Result Before LNM After LNM Definitive 80 (68.4) 105 (89.7) Normal 58 (49.6) 74 (63.2) Abnormal 22 (18.8) 31 (26.5) Equivocal 37 (31.6) 12 (10.3) Data are numbers followed by percentage in parentheses; n = 117 patients total.
- TABLE 3
Comparison of Baseline Characteristics Between Equivocal Cases That Showed Definitive Result After LNM and Those That Remained Equivocal
Characteristic All (n = 36) Definitive (n = 25) Equivocal (n = 11) P Median age (y) 40 (range, 19–70) 40 (range, 19–70) 35 (range, 20–69) 0.52 Sex Male 6 (17) 5 (20) 1 (9.1) 0.64 Female 30 (83) 20 (80) 10 (91) Race White 29 (81) 21 (84) 8 (73) 0.096 Black 3 (8.3) 3 (12) 0 (0.0) Hispanic 3 (8.3) 1 (4.0) 2 (18) Mixed 1 (2.8) 0 (0.0) 1 (9.1) Body mass index ≤19 6 (17) 5 (20) 1 (9.1) 0.70 20–24 11 (31) 6 (24) 5 (45.5) 25–29 8 (22) 6 (24) 2 (18.2) ≥30 11 (31) 8 (32) 3 (27.3) Symptoms Nausea 32 (89) 22 (88) 10 (91) 1.00 Vomiting 24 (67) 17 (68) 7 (64) 1.00 Abdominal pain 13 (36) 9 (36) 4 (36) 1.00 Early satiety 12 (33) 11 (44) 1 (9.1) 0.059 Weight loss 8 (22) 4 (16) 4 (36) 0.21 Bloating/distention 8 (22) 5 (20) 3 (27) 0.68 Diarrhea 9 (25) 6 (24) 3 (27) 1.00 Constipation 3 (8.3) 2 (8.0) 1 (9.1) 1.00 Decreased appetite/anorexia 4 (11) 3 (12) 1 (9.1) 1.00 Belching 1 (2.8) 1 (4.0) 0 (0.0) 1.00 Diagnosis Gastroparesis 23 (64) 13 (52) 10 (91) 0.031 Cyclic vomiting syndrome 2 (5.6) 2 (8.0) 0 (0.0) 1.00 IBS 3 (8.3) 0 (0.0) 3 (27) 0.023 SIBO 5 (14) 3 (12) 2 (18) 0.63 Malignancy 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0.63 GERD 5 (14) 5 (20) 0 (0.0) 0.30 Dumping syndrome 1 (2.8) 0 (0.0) 1 (9.1) 0.31 Unspecified 5 (14) 5 (20) 0 (0.0) 0.30 SIBO = small intestinal bacterial overgrowth; GERD = gastroesophageal reflux disease.
Except for age, data are numbers followed by percentage in parentheses; n = 36 patients total.
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