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Research ArticleImaging

Role of an Intensity-Transformation Function in Enhancement of Bone Scintigraphy Images

Anil Kumar Pandey, Vishali Dhiman, Akshima Sharma, Sreedharan Thankarajan ArunRaj, Vivek Baghel, Chetan Patel, Param Dev Sharma, Chandra Sekhar Bal and Rakesh Kumar
Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology September 2018, 46 (3) 274-279; DOI: https://doi.org/10.2967/jnmt.117.202929
Anil Kumar Pandey
1Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India; and
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Vishali Dhiman
1Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India; and
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Akshima Sharma
1Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India; and
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Sreedharan Thankarajan ArunRaj
1Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India; and
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Vivek Baghel
1Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India; and
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Chetan Patel
1Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India; and
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Param Dev Sharma
2Department of Computer Science, SGTB Khalsa College, University of Delhi, India
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Chandra Sekhar Bal
1Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India; and
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Rakesh Kumar
1Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India; and
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  • Article
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Article Figures & Data

Figures

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  • FIGURE 1.
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    FIGURE 1.

    Appearance of whole-body 99mTc-MDP bone scintigraphy image when dynamic range of input image exceeds dynamic range of monitor.

  • FIGURE 2.
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    FIGURE 2.

    Characteristic curves for linear and IT function: linear transformation curve and IT curves with slopes (e) equaling 1, 4, and 10. In each case, threshold was 127.

  • FIGURE 3.
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    FIGURE 3.

    Whole-body 99mTc-MDP bone scintigraphy images: input image (A) and output images with slopes of 1–4 (B–E).

  • FIGURE 4.
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    FIGURE 4.

    Processed whole-body 99mTc-MDP bone scintigraphy images with slopes of 5–9 (A–E) and threshold equal to mean count in respective input image.

  • FIGURE 5.
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    FIGURE 5.

    Processed whole-body 99mTc-MDP bone scintigraphy images with slopes of 10–14 (A–E) and threshold equal to mean count in respective input image.

  • FIGURE 6.
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    FIGURE 6.

    (A) Input image. (B and C) Two images processed using window-level contrast-adjustment tool. (D and E) Two images processed using IT function.

  • FIGURE 7.
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    FIGURE 7.

    Two sets of whole-body 99mTc-MDP bone scintigraphy images that did not score on the higher end of the scale.

Tables

  • Figures
    • View popup
    TABLE 1

    Number of Times* Each Slope Produced Clinically Acceptable Output Images

    Slopen
    27
    320
    425
    520
    619
    728
    829
    918
    109
    114
    123
    131
    142
    • ↵* Of 40 total.

    • View popup
    TABLE 2

    Score Assigned to Each of 40 Images Processed Using Slope 8

    Observer 1Observer 2
    Image no.Input scoreOutput scoreDifferenceInput scoreOutput scoreDifference
    1440341
    2352253
    3440451
    4352451
    5451352
    6154143
    7352253
    8143132
    9143143
    10341242
    11154154
    12341242
    13253253
    14242143
    15143143
    16253253
    17352253
    18352352
    19143143
    20154154
    21451352
    22231242
    23143132
    24352253
    25352352
    26253253
    27253253
    28253253
    29352253
    30352253
    31132132
    32132132
    33121121
    34121121
    35143143
    36242253
    37143253
    38132132
    39132132
    40143253
    • Difference ≥ 0 indicates output image same as or better than input image.

    • View popup
    TABLE 3

    Number of Images Receiving Each Score

    Input imageOutput image
    ScoreObserver 1Observer 2AverageObserver 1Observer 2Average
    1171616.5000
    281712.5222
    31158565.5
    4423141012
    5000192220.5
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Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology: 46 (3)
Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
Vol. 46, Issue 3
September 1, 2018
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Role of an Intensity-Transformation Function in Enhancement of Bone Scintigraphy Images
Anil Kumar Pandey, Vishali Dhiman, Akshima Sharma, Sreedharan Thankarajan ArunRaj, Vivek Baghel, Chetan Patel, Param Dev Sharma, Chandra Sekhar Bal, Rakesh Kumar
Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology Sep 2018, 46 (3) 274-279; DOI: 10.2967/jnmt.117.202929

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Role of an Intensity-Transformation Function in Enhancement of Bone Scintigraphy Images
Anil Kumar Pandey, Vishali Dhiman, Akshima Sharma, Sreedharan Thankarajan ArunRaj, Vivek Baghel, Chetan Patel, Param Dev Sharma, Chandra Sekhar Bal, Rakesh Kumar
Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology Sep 2018, 46 (3) 274-279; DOI: 10.2967/jnmt.117.202929
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Keywords

  • high-dynamic-range bone scintigraphy image
  • intensity-transformation function
  • image enhancement
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