Article Figures & Data
Figures
- FIGURE 1.
P-D-S-A Cycle: A problem-solving model for effecting change.
- FIGURE 2.
P-D-S-A cycle with detailed steps.
- FIGURE 3.
Sample data collection tool to assess interobserver variability in reporting of myocardial perfusion defects. Tool documents overall study result (normal/abnormal); defect size (small/medium/large), severity (mild/moderate/severe), and type (reversible/mixed/persistent); location based on 17-segment model (normal/abnormal); ejection fraction (normal/mildly decreased/moderately decreased/severely decreased); regional wall motion ab-normality (anterior/lateral/inferior/septal/apical); and artifact (none/breast tissue/soft tissue/motion/subdiaphragmatic activity/extravasated dose).
- FIGURE 4.
Multicycle project graph demonstrating progress of project toward predetermined goal. This example demonstrates appropriateness of myocardial perfusion imaging over time. Once goal was met, monitoring continued to ensure that achievement was maintained. Q = quarter.
- FIGURE 1A.
Sample data collection tool to assess improvement in quality of myocardial perfusion images.
Tables
Stage Step Description Plan Identify problem Nuclear cardiology laboratory that performs exercise and pharmacologic stress myocardial perfusion imaging notices that many patients arrive for appointment carrying large cup of coffee from new shop next door. It would be easy to assume that presence of shop is cause of problem. However, practice decides to investigate if other factors could be involved. Gather information Laboratory gathers information about its current procedures, looking at patient preparation form, scheduling process, and patient confirmation process. State goal and set targets Laboratory sets goal of improving patient compliance with caffeine restriction before myocardial perfusion imaging. Laboratory wants 90% of patients to be in compliance with patient preparation instructions. Design data collection strategy Laboratory creates simple form to record patient name, whether patient consumed caffeine within 18 h of test, staff member who scheduled patient, date patient was scheduled, referring office and its staff member who scheduled patient, staff member who confirmed appointment before test, date appointment was confirmed, and whether preparation instructions were personally discussed with patient. Laboratory decides, for 2 wk, to survey every patient scheduled for myocardial perfusion imaging. Do Collect data For 2 wk, laboratory surveys every patient scheduled for myocardial perfusion imaging. Analyze data Laboratory compiles data into spreadsheet and highlights data associated with patients who consumed caffeine or for other reasons were inadequately prepared for examination. Percentage of patients inadequately prepared is calculated. Study Share results Laboratory schedules staff meeting. Select action plan After examining data, laboratory realizes that most caffeine-consuming patients came from one referring office. In addition, many of those patients were not personally reached by staff member responsible for confirming test. Plan is formulated to educate culprit referring office and to revise patient instruction form to highlight importance of caffeine restriction. Act Implement change Laboratory does in-service training with all staff and conducts lunch-and-learn session with culprit office to emphasize importance of appropriate patient preparation and consequences of inappropriate preparation. Revised patient preparation form is provided to culprit office. Repeat Laboratory then repeats data collection for 2 wk and notices decrease in number of coffee-drinking arrivals who were scheduled from culprit office. Laboratory decides to conduct lunch-and-learn sessions and provide new form to all referring physician offices.
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- Article
- Abstract
- MONITORING VERSUS IMPROVING: QUALITY CONTROL VERSUS QUALITY IMPROVEMENT
- APPROACHING QUALITY IMPROVEMENT: THE PLAN-DO-STUDY-ACT (P-D-S-A) CYCLE
- UNDERSTANDING QUALITY IMPROVEMENT: THE TEN STEPS EXPLAINED
- TYPES OF QUALITY IMPROVEMENT ACTIVITIES
- QUALITY IMPROVEMENT MEETINGS
- CONCLUSION
- Acknowledgments
- APPENDIX A
- Footnotes
- REFERENCES
- Figures & Data
- Info & Metrics