Review on Production of 89Zr in a Medical Cyclotron for PET Radiopharmaceuticals

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FIGURE 1.
PET images of HER2-expressing LS174T tumor–bearing mouse (tumor size, 180 mm³) at 24 h after injection with 1.85 MBq of ⁸⁹Zr-Df-trastuzumab using small-animal PET facility at Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Four views are shown: posterior (A), slice view (B), side view (C), and posterior (D).

TABLE 1

Properties of Ideal Diagnostic Radiopharmaceutical for Imaging

Properties	Notes
1. Easy availability	Be readily available at low cost
2. Particle emission	Diagnostic purpose: be a pure γ-emitter—that is, have no particle emission such as α and β because these contribute radiation dose to patient without providing diagnostic information
	Therapeutic purpose: have particle emission such as α and β because these are useful for damaging abnormal cells
3. High target–to–nontarget activity ratio	Provide maximum efficacy in diagnosis (therapy), and minimize radiation dose to patient
4. Proper metabolic activity	Possess proper metabolic activity—that is, follow or be trapped in metabolic process of interest

TABLE 2

Characteristic of Selected PET Radionuclides for Radioimmunoimaging (19)

			positron emission maximum energy (β⁺_max)		γ-energies
Radionuclide	Half-life	Production	MeV	β⁺ yields (%)	MeV	Yields (%)	Intrinsic spatial resolution loss (mm)
⁸⁹Zr	78.4 h	⁸⁹Y(p,n)⁸⁹Zr	0.909	23	—		1.0
		⁸⁹Y(d,2n)⁸⁹Zr
¹²⁴I	100.2 h	¹²⁴Te(p,n)¹²⁴I	2.14	24	0.60	61	2.3
		¹²⁴Te(d,2n)¹²⁴I
		¹²⁵Te(p,2n)¹²⁴I
¹⁸F	1.83 h	²⁰Ne(d,α)¹⁸F	0.63	97	0.14	41	0.7
		¹⁸O(p,n)¹⁸F