Adsorption of 99mTc-Radiopharmaceuticals onto Injection Vials and Syringes

Ahmad Mushtaq; Taj ur Rehman; Muhammad Safdar Mansur; Mustanser Jehangir

doi:10.2967/jnmt.107.048561

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TABLE 1

Formulation of ^99mTc-Radiopharmaceuticals

Kit	Ingredients	pH	Imaging
Diisopropyl iminodiacetic acid	Diisopropyl iminodiacetic acid (20.0 mg), SnCl₂·2H₂O (0.2 mg)	∼5.5	Hepatobiliary
DMSA (III)	DMSA (1.0 mg), SnCl₂·2H₂O (0.60 mg), ascorbic acid (0.70 mg), inositol (50 mg)	∼2.2	Kidney
Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid	Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (10 mg), SnCl₂·2H₂O (0.4 mg)	∼7	Kidney/brain
Heptagluconate	Calcium heptagluconate (100 mg), SnCl₂·2H₂O (0.12 mg)	∼6	Kidney/brain
Mercaptoacetyltriglycine	Mercaptoacetyltriglycine (1 mg), SnCl₂·2H₂O (0.1 mg), calcium heptagluconate (20 mg), lactose (20 mg)	∼4.25	Kidney
Methylene diphosphonate	Methylene diphosphonate (7.5 mg), SnCl₂·2H₂O (0.36 mg), ascorbic acid (1.8 mg), NaCl (2.0 mg)	5.8–6	Bone
Phytate	Phytic acid (25.0 mg), SnCl₂·2H₂O (1.0 mg)	∼6.8–7	Liver/spleen
Pyrophosphate	Pyrophosphate (10 mg), SnCl₂·2H₂O (2.5 mg)	∼6.5	Red blood cell labeling, bone, heart infarct
Dextran	Dextran (50 mg), SnCl₂·2H₂O (0.013 mg)	6	Lymph
Sestamibi	Sestamibi (1 mg), SnCl₂·2H₂O (0.075 mg), L-cysteine (1 mg), sodium citrate (2.6 mg), mannitol (20 mg)	∼5.4–5.9	Heart
Ciprofloxacin	Ciprofloxacin (3.8 mg), SnCl₂·2H₂O (0.39 mg), NaCl (4.4 mg)		Infection
Exametazime	d,l-exametazime (0.5 mg), SnCl₂·2H₂O (7.5 μg), NaCl (6.75 mg)	∼10–11	Brain
DMSA (V)	DMSA (1.8 mg), SnCl₂·2H₂O (1.12 mg)	8.5	Medullary thyroid carcinoma
Na^99mTcO₄	0.9% NaCl, Na^99mTcO₄ (nanogram levels)	6–7	Thyroid

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TABLE 2

Adhesion (%) of ^99mTc-Radiopharmaceutical on Vials and Rubber Stoppers

		Vial
Radiopharmaceutical	Activity (MBq)	0.25 h	0.5 h	1 h	3 h	5 h	Stopper (0 h)
Na^99mTcO₄	∼3,700	0.2 ± 0.1	0.2 ± 0.1	0.2 ± 0.1	0.2 ± 0.1	0.2 ± 0.1	0.2 ± 0.1
Diisopropyl iminodiacetic acid	∼3,700	0.5 ± 0.2	0.5 ± 0.1	0.7 ± 0.2	1.2 ± 0.3	2.2 ± 0.5	0.3 ± 0.1
DMSA (III)	∼3,700	0.8 ± 0.3	1.2 ± 0.3	2.5 ± 0.5	3.5 ± 0.5	4.7 ± 0.8	0.4 ± 0.2
Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid	∼3,000	0.4 ± 0.1	0.8 ± 0.2	1.2 ± 0.3	1.5 ± 0.3	1.8 ± 0.2	0.2 ± 0.1
Heptagluconate	∼3,000	0.6 ± 0.3	1.0 ± 0.4	1.2 ± 0.3	1.8 ± 0.5	2.2 ± 0.6	0.3 ± 0.1
Mercaptoacetyltriglycine	∼3,000	1.0 ± 0.2	1.2 ± 0.2	1.7 ± 0.3	2.5 ± 0.5	2.5 ± 0.6	1.1 ± 0.3
Methylene diphosphonate	∼3,700	0.2 ± 0.1	0.4 ± 0.2	0.9 ± 0.4	1.5 ± 0.5	1.9 ± 0.5	0.4 ± 0.2
Phytate	∼3,700	0.9 ± 0.3	1.2 ± 0.4	1.8 ± 0.5	2.5 ± 0.7	3.2 ± 0.6	0.3 ± 0.1
Pyrophosphate	∼3,000	0.5 ± 0.2	0.8 ± 0.4	1.9 ± 0.4	2.7 ± 0.5	3.2 ± 0.4	0.3 ± 0.1
Dextran	∼3,000	1.2 ± 0.3	1.2 ± 0.3	1.7 ± 0.5	3.7 ± 0.4	4.2 ± 0.4	0.3 ± 0.1
Sestamibi	∼3,000	0.8 ± 0.2	1.2 ± 0.3	1.9 ± 0.7	3.9 ± 0.7	4.5 ± 0.4	0.9 ± 0.3
Ciprofloxacin	∼3,700	1.2 ± 0.4	1.7 ± 0.4	2.9 ± 0.6	4.2 ± 0.5	4.4 ± 0.5	0.3 ± 0.2
Exametazime	∼3,700	0.9 ± 0.2	—	—	—	—	0.3 ± 0.2
DMSA (V)	∼2,500	1.2 ± 0.3	1.5 ± 0.3	2.2 ± 0.6	2.9 ± 0.8	4.2 ± 0.8	0.9 ± 0.3

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TABLE 3

Adhesion (%) of ^99mTc-Radiopharmaceutical on Different Parts of Syringes

Radiopharmaceutical	Activity (MBq)	Syringe type	Syringe body	Plunger	Needle
Na^99mTcO₄	925	A	1.2 ± 0.5	0.4 ± 0.1	1.5 ± 0.5
		B	1.4 ± 0.8	0.3 ± 0.1	1.2 ± 0.8
		C	1.1 ± 0.5	0.3 ± 0.2	1.0 ± 0.5
Diisopropyl iminodiacetic acid	296	A	1.9 ± 0.4	0.3 ± 0.2	1.5 ± 0.5
		B	2.2 ± 0.7	0.4 ± 0.1	1.2 ± 0.8
		C	2.5 ± 0.4	0.2 ± 0.1	1.0 ± 0.5
DMSA (III)	185	A	2.5 ± 0.4	0.4 ± 0.2	1.8 ± 0.8
		B	2.2 ± 0.4	0.3 ± 0.1	1.5 ± 0.8
		C	2.0 ± 0.4	0.4 ± 0.1	1.3 ± 0.6
Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid	925	A	1.9 ± 0.6	0.3 ± 0.1	1.4 ± 0.7
		B	1.8 ± 0.3	0.3 ± 0.1	1.4 ± 0.8
		C	2.2 ± 0.5	0.4 ± 0.1	1.4 ± 0.7
Heptagluconate	925	A	1.5 ± 0.5	0.4 ± 0.1	1.5 ± 0.5
		B	1.2 ± 0.6	0.4 ± 0.2	1.2 ± 0.8
		C	1.4 ± 0.5	0.3 ± 0.1	1.7 ± 0.5
Mercaptoacetyltriglycine	185	A	2.5 ± 0.4	0.4 ± 0.1	1.0 ± 0.3
		B	2.2 ± 0.5	0.4 ± 0.1	1.2 ± 0.5
		C	2.0 ± 0.5	0.3 ± 0.1	1.0 ± 0.5
Methylene diphosphonate	925	A	2.5 ± 0.4	0.4 ± 0.2	1.1 ± 0.5
		B	2.2 ± 0.5	0.4 ± 0.2	1.2 ± 0.8
		C	1.9 ± 0.2	0.4 ± 0.1	1.4 ± 0.6
Phytate	740	A	2.7 ± 0.5	0.4 ± 0.1	1.2 ± 0.3
		B	2.2 ± 0.8	0.3 ± 0.1	1.2 ± 0.8
		C	2.7 ± 0.5	0.4 ± 0.2	1.0 ± 0.5
Pyrophosphate	925	A	2.9 ± 0.4	0.4 ± 0.2	1.7 ± 0.6
		B	2.1 ± 0.7	0.3 ± 0.1	1.1 ± 0.5
		C	1.6 ± 0.6	0.3 ± 0.1	1.3 ± 0.5
Dextran	740	A	2.8 ± 0.6	0.3 ± 0.1	1.0 ± 0.4
		B	2.2 ± 0.3	0.4 ± 0.2	1.2 ± 0.7
		C	2.8 ± 0.3	0.4 ± 0.1	1.3 ± 0.6
Sestamibi	925	A	2.9 ± 0.5	0.3 ± 0.1	1.2 ± 0.4
		B	3.2 ± 0.5	0.3 ± 0.1	1.2 ± 0.6
		C	3.9 ± 0.4	0.3 ± 0.2	1.0 ± 0.2
Ciprofloxacin	740	A	1.9 ± 0.4	0.4 ± 0.1	1.6 ± 0.4
		B	1.8 ± 0.5	0.3 ± 0.1	1.0 ± 0.5
		C	2.5 ± 0.4	0.4 ± 0.2	1.0 ± 0.5
Exametazime	740	A	1.5 ± 0.5	0.3 ± 0.2	1.0 ± 0.7
		B	1.2 ± 0.8	0.2 ± 0.1	1.1 ± 0.6
		C	1.0 ± 0.5	0.1 ± 0.05	1.1 ± 0.6
DMSA (V)	740	A	3.5 ± 0.7	0.3 ± 0.2	1.5 ± 0.7
		B	3.3 ± 0.6	0.4 ± 0.1	0.9 ± 0.4
		C	2.5 ± 0.5	0.5 ± 0.1	1.4 ± 0.5