The advent of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) provides fusion of both anatomical and functional information. CT-based attenuation correction replaced (68)Ge-based attenuation correction for shortening acquisition time, improving image quality and quantitative accuracy. However, due to the temporal difference of PET and CT, mis-registration and motion artifacts are observed in the attenuation-corrected images mainly due to the respiratory motion. Reducing the spatial mismatch of the PET and CT reconstructed image remains a challenge. This review provides an introduction to various respiratory image artifacts reduction techniques especially for thoracic lesions, including breathing instruction based methods, CT protocol based methods and 4-dimensional PET/CT. The advantages and drawbacks of different methods are also discussed.
Keywords: PET/CT; artifacts; attenuation correction; respiratory motion.