Purpose: To reduce the artifact caused by cardiac uptake of F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG); we investigated the change in myocardial FDG uptake after placing a group of patients on a carbohydrate-restricted diet.Methods: Case control study involving 130 whole body FDG PET scans. 73 scans were of patients on carbohydrate-restriction; the remaining 57 were without dietary restrictions. Dietary intake for the last meal prior to scanning was recorded for both groups. Coronal and axial images were assessed and scored based on myocardial FDG uptake the presence of associated image artifacts.Results: Of the 73 patients on the diet, 50 did not consume carbohydrates, while of the 57 patients without dietary restriction, 13 did not consume carbohydrates. Of the 67 patients from both groups who consumed carbohydrates prior to their PET scan, 17 (25.4%) had a clinically significant image artifact versus only 6 (9.5%) of the 63 patients who did not consume carbohydrates (P = 0.018) in their meals prior to scanning. The odds ratio was calculated to be 3.23 (confidence interval 1.09-10.00), indicating that the risk a clinically significant image artifact will occur is 3.23 times higher for patients who consume carbohydrates in their last meal prior to scanning.Conclusion: A substantial reduction in the prevalence of myocardial FDG uptake image artifacts among patients who did not consume carbohydrates was observed. A carbohydrate dietary restriction prior to scanning may play a significant role in increasing lesion detectability and in preventing false negative scans when imaging for thoracic neoplasm.