Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Acute Effect of Nicotine Patch on Gastric Emptying of Liquid and Solid Contents in Healthy Subjects

  • Published:
Digestive Diseases and Sciences Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The effect of nicotine on gastric emptyingremains controversial. Gastric emptying is delayed inchronic smokers after smoking high-dose nicotinecigarettes, but it is unchanged after chewing nicotinegums. No information is available on the effect oftransdermal nicotine patches on the gastric emptying ofsolid and liquid contents in healthy nonsmokers. Ourobjective was to prospectively evaluate the effect of the nicotine patch on gastric emptying ofliquid and solid contents in healthy nonsmokers. Tenhealthy nonsmoking volunteers under-went a baselinedual-isotope gastric scintigraphy with[111In]-diethylenetriaminepantaacetic acid (DTPA) and [99mTc]sulfurcolloid isotopes to evaluate prospectively the gastricemptying of liquid and solid contents, respectively. Thegastric scintigraphy was repeated after placing a transdermal nicotine patch (Habitrol) for 12 hrdesigned to deliver 14 mg of nicotine per day. Plasmanicotine level was measured prior to baseline gastricscintigraphy and after 12 hr placing the nicotine patch. Plasma nicotine was absent in allsubjects at baseline and but was significantly elevatedafter 12 hr of nicotine patch (P < 0.009). The meanhalf-emptying times (T1/2) for the gastricemptying of liquids before and after nicotine patchplacement were 31.2 ± 23.3 and 25.6 ± 8.4min, respectively (P = 0.498). The mean T1/2sfor the gastric emptying of solids before and afternicotine patch placement were 70.1 ± 34.0 and 59.7± 31.4 min, respectively (P = 0.202). There wasno correlation between the plasma nicotine level andgastric emptying of liquid and solid contents(correlation coefficient = –0.23 and –0.01, respectively).In conclusion, acute transdermal delivery of nicotinedoes not affect the gastric emptying of solid and liquidcontents in healthy nonsmoking subjects.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

REFERENCES

  1. Kohagen KR, Kim MS, McDonnell M: Nicotine Effects on prostagladin-dependent gastric slow wave and antral motility in nonsmokers and smokers. Gastroenterology 110:3–11, 1996

    Google Scholar 

  2. _Miller G, Palmer KR, Smith N: Smoking delays emptying gastric emptying of solids. Gut 30:50–53, 1989

    Google Scholar 

  3. _Chaudhuri TK, Fink S: Effect of nicotine gum on gastric emptying. Chest 94( 5):1122, 1988 ( letter)

    Google Scholar 

  4. _Gritz ER, Ippoliti A: The effect of nicotine on the delay of gastric emptying. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2:173–178, 1988

    Google Scholar 

  5. _Kramer HC, Thiemann S: How Many Subjects? Statistical Power Analysis in Research. Newburg Park, Thousand Oaks, California, Sage Publication, 1988

    Google Scholar 

  6. _Kikendall JW, Evaul J, Johnson LF: Effect of cigare tte smoking on gastrointestinal physiology and non-neoplastic digestive disease. J Clin Gastroenterol 6:65–78, 1984

    Google Scholar 

  7. _Shindlbeck NE, Heinrich C, Dendorfer A, et al: Influence of smoking and esophageal intubation on esophageal pH. Gastroenterology 92:1994–1997, 1987

    Google Scholar 

  8. _Waring JP, Eastwood, Austin JM, et al: The immediate effects of cessation of cigarette smoking on gastroesophage al reflux. Am J Gastroenterol 90:1785–1790, 1995

    Google Scholar 

  9. _Kadakia SC, Kikendall JW, Maydonovitch C, et al: Effect of cigarette smoking on gastroe sophageal reflux by 24-h ambulatory esophageal pH monitoring. Am J Gastroenterol 90:1785–1790, 1995

    Google Scholar 

  10. _Kitchin LI, Castell DO: Rationale and efficacy of conservative therapy for gastroesophageal reflux disease. Arch Intern Med 15:448–454, 1991

    Google Scholar 

  11. _Dennis GW, Castell DO: Inhibitory effect of smoking on the lower esophageal sphincter. N Engl J Med 284:1136–1137, 1971

    Google Scholar 

  12. _Stanciu C, Bennett, J: Smoking and gastroesophageal reflux. Br Med J 3:793–795, 1972

    Google Scholar 

  13. _Chattopadhyay DK, Greaney MG, Irvin TT: Effects of cigarette smoking on the lower esophageal sphincter. Gut 18:833–835, 1977

    Google Scholar 

  14. _Kahrillas PJ, Gupta RR: Mechanism of acid reflux associated with cigarette smoking. Gut 31:4–10, 1990

    Google Scholar 

  15. _Kjellin G, Tibbling L: Influence of body position, dry and water swallows, smoking, and alcohol on esophage al acid clearance. Scand J Gastroenterol 13:283–288, 1978

    Google Scholar 

  16. _Kahrillas PJ, Gupta RR: The effect of cigarette smoking on salivation and decreased acid clearance. J Lab Clin Med 114:431–438, 1989

    Google Scholar 

  17. _Scott AM, Kellow JE, Shuter B: Effects of cigarette smoking on solid and liquid intragastric distribution and gastric emptying. Gastroenterology 104:410–416, 1993

    Google Scholar 

  18. _Muller-Lissner SA: Bile-reflux is increased in cigarette smokers. Gastroenterology 90:1205–1209, 1986

    Google Scholar 

  19. _Johnson RD, Horowitz M, Maddox, AF: Cigarette smoking and rate of gastric emptying: Effect on alcohol absorption. Br Med J 302:20–23, 1991

    Google Scholar 

  20. _Harrison A, Ippoliti A: Effect of Smoking on gastric emptying. Gastroenterology 76:A1152, 1979 (abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  21. _Nowak A, Jonder K, Kaczor R: Smoking delays gastric emptying of a radiolabeled solid food in healthy smokers. Scand J Gastroenterol 22:54–58, 1987

    Google Scholar 

  22. _Nowak A, Jonder K, Kaczor R: Inhibitory effect of cigarette smoking on gastricemptying of a solid meal in patients with type I gastric ulcer. Z Gastroenterol 29:45–49, 1991

    Google Scholar 

  23. _Hanson M, Iija B: Gastric emptying in smokers. Scand J Gastroenterol 122:1102–1104, 1987

    Google Scholar 

  24. _Grimes DS, Goddard J: Effect of cigarette smoking on gastric emptying. Br Med J 2:460–461, 1978

    Google Scholar 

  25. _Petring OU, Adelhoj B, Ibsen M: Abstaining from cigarette smoking has no major effect on gastric emptying in habitual smokers. Br J Anesth 57:1104–1106, 1985

    Google Scholar 

  26. _Okamoto T, Kurahashi K, Fujiwara M: Effects of nicotine on gastric contractile response to stimulation of the vagal afferent fibers in cats. Jpn J Pharmacol 51:435–437, 1989

    Google Scholar 

  27. _Carson GM, Ruddon RW, Hug CC: Analysis of the site of nicotine action on gastric antral and duodenal contractile activity. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 172:377–383, 1970

    Google Scholar 

  28. _Carson GM, Ruddon RW, Hug JJ: Effects of nicotine on gastric antral and duodenal contractile activity in the dog. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 172:367–376, 1970

    Google Scholar 

  29. _Qui BS, Cho CH, Ogle CW: The influence of chronic nicotine treatment on stress-induced gastric ulceration and emptying in rats. Experientia 48:389–391, 1992

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. Peter W. K. Wong
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Shailesh C. Kadakia
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Michael McBiles
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Wong, P.W.K., Kadakia, S.C. & McBiles, M. Acute Effect of Nicotine Patch on Gastric Emptying of Liquid and Solid Contents in Healthy Subjects. Dig Dis Sci 44, 2165–2171 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026680031346

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026680031346

Search

Navigation