Exercise testing: Improving performance with a ramped Bruce protocol☆,☆☆
Section snippets
Methods
After approval by the institutional review board for human study protocols, subjects were recruited randomly from patients undergoing treadmill stress testing with or without a nuclear component at the noninvasive cardiology division of a large city hospital. The patients had been instructed to continue their usual medications and had been asked to abstain from food, coffee, and cigarettes for at least 3 hours before the study.
Thirty patients were initially enrolled in the study. After informed
Results
The hemodynamic and observational data for both stress tests are presented in Table III.
Value Bruce Ramped Bruce P value (if <.05) Resting heart rate (beats/min) 71 ± 14 72 ± 13 — Resting systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) 131 ± 15 131 ± 14 — Resting diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) 79 ± 7 76 ± 8 — Peak heart rate (beats/min) 157 ± 15 158 ± 17 — Peak systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) 170 ± 22 175 ± 20 — Peak diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg)
Discussion
This study was undertaken to compare, in a general population undergoing exercise stress testing, a standard and time-honored treadmill protocol, the Bruce, with a ramped form of the same protocol. Myers et al.11 demonstrated that although there is hemodynamic comparability among protocols, there are marked variations in maximal oxygen uptake and the dynamics of gas exchange in conventional protocols compared with ramp protocols. Their study showed the ratio of oxygen uptake to work rate is
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Cited by (54)
The Intrarater and Interrater Reliability of Measures Derived from Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Patients with Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms
2019, Annals of Vascular SurgeryCitation Excerpt :To minimize any confounding factors, testing was carried out at the same time each day and in the same environment at a maximum of one week apart. The Modified Bruce protocol consists of three-minute incremental minute stages12 commencing with walking at 1.7 miles per hour (mph) on a 0% gradient and progressing to an upper stage of walking at 5.5 mph on a 20% gradient. The cycle protocol was based on the following stages:13
Diastolic dysfunction and exercise capacity in patients with metabolic syndrome and overweight/obesity
2019, IJC Heart and VasculatureCitation Excerpt :The mass of the left ventricle was estimated using the Devereux formula and the E/e′ ratio from dividing the E wave velocity at the mitral valve by the average mitral annulus velocity, e′ (obtained by calculating the mean of the lateral and septal velocities). Participants performed a symptom-limited peak exercise test on a treadmill (General Electric model T2100) following the ramped Bruce treadmill test protocol [14] with continuous electrocardiographic monitoring. Expired gases were analysed with a spiroergometry system (MetaLyzer 3B, Firmware Version 2.0, Cortex, Leipzig.
Cardio respiratory response: Validation of new modifications of Bruce protocol for exercise testing and training in elite Saudi triathlon and soccer players
2019, Saudi Journal of Biological SciencesCitation Excerpt :These two regressions may illustrate the increased VO2max with test protocol duration, with a non-significant high HR level that may put the cardiovascular system under stress, and may reduce the cardiovascular risk during both exercise training and testing. On the other hand, many studies that have investigated the Bruce protocol using the mean rating of perceived exertion from the revised Borg scale (0 to 10), recorded the value of 8 ± 1 (Peter and James, 2005). This can be considered to be higher than the mean rating of perceived exertion recorded by the subjective responses of the subjects in the test, which had an average rating of perceived exertion with a value of 6 ± 1 for triathlon players, and 5 ± 1 for football players.
Humans are able to self-paced constant running accelerations until exhaustion
2018, Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its ApplicationsCitation Excerpt :Indeed, the present results showed that it is possible to apply a self-paced, ramp-like running protocol on a real running track. Regardless of the acceleration intensity level (“soft”, “medium” or “hard”), the protocol uses a continuous change in speed and brings the subjects to exhaustion in approximately 2 min and 30 s to 20 min; this meets the criteria for clinical exercise testing issues by the relevant international organizations (American College of Sports Medicine 2000, American Thoracic Society 2003, [33–35]). To the best of our knowledge, a human’s ability to maintain constant acceleration in a conscious way until exhaustion has not yet been investigated.
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