Terminology Associated with ROC and FROC
| Term | Meaning |
| Conspicuity | Target visibility within structured surrounding |
| Case | Image |
| Modality | Variation (technique, image acquisition, imaging modality, dose) |
| Lesion localization | Correct marking of lesion |
| Nonlesion localization | Incorrect marking of lesion |
| Truth | True disease status of image |
| Mark-rating pair | Localization decision and confidence (rating) score |
| Multireader multicase | Study design using multiple readers to account for reader variability; results can be generalized to populations of readers and cases |