Summary of Nonstochastic (Deterministic) Effects (5)
| Hematologic Syndrome |
| Dose: Approximately 1–10 Gy (100–1000 rad) |
| Clinical Symptoms: General injury of blood-forming cells in bone marrow, which increases with increasing dose, leading to pancytopenia. This results in bleeding, anemia, hemorrhage, malaise and severe, often fatal, infection. |
| Treatment: 0–1 Gy (0–100 rad)—Reassurance |
| 1–2 Gy (100–200 rad)—Reassurance and hematologic surveillance |
| 2–6 Gy (200–600 rad)—Blood transfusion and antibiotics |
| 6–10 Gy (600–1000 rad)—Consider bone marrow transplant |
| Without treatment, no one has survived a single abrupt dose of 5 Gy (500 rads) or higher. It is possible to survive the hematologic syndrome with a bone marrow transplant, but at higher doses all subjects will die from the gastrointestinal syndrome. |
| Gastrointestinal Syndrome |
| Dose: Approximately 2–50 Gy (200–5000 rad) |
| Clinical Symptoms: Nausea, vomiting and diarrhea (NVD), prolonged diarrhea, dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, lethargy, anorexia, death above 10 Gy (1000 rads) with no treatment. |
| Treatment: 2–6 Gy (200–600 rad)—Blood transfusion and antibiotics |
| 6–10 Gy (600–1000 rad)—Consider bone marrow transplant |
| 10–50 Gy (1000–5000 rad)—Maintenance of electrolyte balance |
| At about 2 Gy (200 rads), classic radiation sickness (nausea, vomiting and diarrhea [NVD]) may begin because of radiation injury to the gastric and intestinal mucosa. |
| Central Nervous System Syndrome |
| Dose: >50 Gy (>5000 rads) |
| Clinical Symptoms: Ataxia, convulsions, lethargy, coma, death |
| Treatment: Sedatives |