Common Drugs Affecting 123I-MIBG Uptake
| Drug group | Drug name | Withdrawal time | Mechanism of action |
|---|---|---|---|
| Adrenergic neuron blockers | Guanethidine, reserpine | 48 h | 2, 3 |
| α-blockers | Phenoxybenzamine (intravenous doses) | 15 d | 5 |
| Antiarrhythmics for ventricular arrhythmias | Amiodarone | Not practical to withdraw | 1, 3 |
| Antipsychotics (neuroleptics) | Chlorpromazine | 24 h | 1 |
| Antipsychotics (neuroleptics) | Fluphenazine | 24 h or 1 mo for depot | 1 |
| Antipsychotics (neuroleptics) | Haloperidol | 48 h or 1 mo for depot | 1 |
| β2 stimulants | Salmeterol, salbutamol | 24 h | 3 |
| Calcium channel blockers | Diltiazem, nifedipine | 24 h | 4 |
| Calcium channel blockers | Felodipine, amlodipine, nicardipine, verapamil | 48 h | 4 |
| Combined α- and β-blocker | Labetalol | 72 h | 1, 3 |
| Cocaine | 7–14 d | 1 | |
| Inotropic sympathomimetics | Dobutamine, dopamine | 24 h | 3 |
| Opioid analgesics | Tramadol | 24 h | 1 |
| Opioid | 7–14 d | ||
| Sedating antihistamines | Promethazine | 24 h | 1 |
| Sympathomimetics for glaucoma | Brimonidine | 48 h | 3 |
| Systemic and local nasal decongestants | Pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine | 48 h | 3 |
| Systemic and local nasal decongestants | Ephedrine | 24 h | 1 |
| Antipsychotics (neuroleptics) | Clozapine | 7 d | 1 |
| Antipsychotics (neuroleptics) | Olanzapine | 7 − 10 d | 1 |
| Antipsychotics (neuroleptics) | Quetiapine | 48 h | 1 |
| Antipsychotics (neuroleptics) | Risperidone | 5 d or 1 mo for depot | 1 |
| Tricyclic antidepressants | Imipramine, nortriptyline, doxepin | 24 h | 1 |
| Tricyclic antidepressants | Amitriptyline | 48 h | 1 |
| Tricyclic-related antidepressants | Venlafaxine | 48 h | 1 |
| Tricyclic-related antidepressants | Mirtazapine | 8 d | 1 |
| Vasoconstrictor sympathomimetics | Norepinephrine | 24 h | 3 |
Table adapted from articles reviewing the practical aspects of 123I-MIBG imaging (30,36,37). Mechanism of action 1: inhibition of norepinephrine uptake mechanism-1 pathway. Mechanism of action 2: inhibition of uptake by active transport into vesicles. Mechanism of action 3: depletion of granules. Mechanism of action 4: increased uptake and retention.