Medications Causing Bone Loss or Increased Fracture Risk
| Parameter | Medication |
|---|---|
| Bone loss | Anticonvulsants (e.g., phenobarbital, phenytoin) |
| Aromatase inhibitors | |
| Cytotoxic agents | |
| Glucocorticoids > 3 mo | |
| Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists or antagonists (e.g., androgen deprivation therapy, Lupron [AbbVie]) | |
| Immunosuppressive agents (e.g., cyclosporine) | |
| Intramuscular medroxyprogesterone (Depo-Provera [AbbVie]) | |
| Thyroid hormone excess | |
| Increased fracture risk | Benzodiazepines/Z-drugs, insulin with hypoglycemia, opioids, thiazolidinediones, selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, SGLT-2 inhibitors |
Z-drugs = eszopiclone (Lunesta; Sunovion Medical); zaleplon (Sonata; Pfizer); and zolpidem (Ambien; Sanofi-Aventis LLC); SGLT-2 = sodium-glucose co-transporter 2.