Cardiac Amyloidosis Subtypes and Clinical Characteristics
| Subtype | Cause | Protein | Age range (y) | Sex frequency | Frequency of cardiac involvement | Other organ involvement or conditions | Associated conditions |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AL | Plasma cell dyscrasia | Immunoglobulin light chain | 40–80 | Men = women | 70% | Heart, kidney, gastrointestinal, tongue, nerves, liver, soft tissue | Multiple myeloma |
| Wild-type ATTR | Aging | Transthyretin | >70 | Men > women | 100% | Heart, peripheral nerves | Bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome, lumbar spinal stenosis, atrial fibrillation, biceps tendon rupture |
| Variant ATTR | Inherited genetic mutation | Transthyretin | 55–75 | Men > women | 30%–100% (depending on mutation) | Heart, nerves | Bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome, polyneuropathy |