Clinical Properties of Current Food and Drug Administration–Approved Molecular Tracers Targeting Cell Surface Protein Transporters
| Property | 123I-ioflupane | 123I-iobenguane and 131I-iobenguane | 68Ga-PSMA11 and 18F-piflufolastat |
|---|---|---|---|
| Indication | Striatal dopamine transporter imaging to assist in evaluation of adults with suspected Parkinsonian syndromes | 123I-iobenguane: detection of primary or metastatic pheochromocytoma or neuroblastoma; 131I-iobenguane: treatment of adults and children older than 12 y with iobenguane-positive, unresectable, locally advanced or metastatic pheochromocytoma or paraganglioma | PET of PSMA-positive lesions in prostate cancer patients who have suspected metastasis and are candidates for initial definitive therapy or who have suspected recurrence based on elevated serum prostate-specific antigen |
| Administered dose for adults | 111–185 MBq (3–5 mCi) | 123I-iobenguane: 370 MBq (10 mCi); 131I-iobenguane: 185–222 MBq (5–6 mCi) (dosimetric dose); 18,500 MBq (500 mCi) × 2 doses 90 d apart (therapeutic dose) | 68Ga-PSMA11: 111–259 MBq (3–7 mCi); 18F-piflufolastat: 333 MBq (9 mCi) recommended; acceptable range, 8–296 to 370 MBq (10 mCi) |
| Injection route | Intravenous | Intravenous | Intravenous (bolus) |
| Injection-to-imaging time | 3–6 h | 24 ± 6 h | 60 min |
| Normal biodistribution | Prominent comma-shaped striatal activity compared with surrounding brain tissue | Adrenals (not always visualized, but activity < liver), liver, heart (uptake inversely proportional to catecholamine levels), bowel (large intestine), salivary glands, lung, spleen, urinary bladder, and uterine/neck muscles | Kidneys, salivary glands, small intestine, tear glands, and spleen |