RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Occupational Radiation Exposure of Radiopharmacy, Nuclear Medicine, and Surgical Personnel During Use of [99mTc]Tc-PSMA-I&S for Prostate Cancer Surgery JF Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology JO J. Nucl. Med. Technol. FD Society of Nuclear Medicine SP 334 OP 338 DO 10.2967/jnmt.121.262161 VO 49 IS 4 A1 Else A. Aalbersberg A1 Desiree Verwoerd A1 Chelvi Mylvaganan-Young A1 Hilda A. de Barros A1 Pim J. van Leeuwen A1 Mariska Sonneborn-Bols A1 Maarten L. Donswijk YR 2021 UL http://tech.snmjournals.org/content/49/4/334.abstract AB The aim of this study was to estimate and subsequently measure the occupational radiation exposure for all personnel involved in producing, administering, or performing imaging or surgery with [99mTc]Tc-PSMA-I&S, which has been introduced for identification of tumor-positive lymph nodes during salvage prostate cancer surgery. Methods: The effective dose was estimated and subsequently measured with electronic personal dosimeters for the following procedures and personnel: labeling and quality control by the radiopharmacy technologist, syringe preparation by the nuclear medicine laboratory technologist, patient administration by the nuclear medicine physician, patient imaging by the nuclear medicine imaging technologist, and robot-assisted laparoscopic salvage lymph node dissection attended by an anesthesiology technologist, scrub nurse, surgical nurse, and surgeon. The dose rate of the patient was measured immediately after administration of [99mTc]Tc-PSMA-I&S, after imaging, and after surgery. Results: The estimated dose per procedure ranged from 1.59 × 10−10 μSv (imaging technologist) to 9.74 μSv (scrub nurse). The measured effective dose ranged from 0 to 5 μSv for all personnel during a single procedure with [99mTc]Tc-PSMA-I&S. The highest effective dose was received by the scrub nurse (3.2 ± 1.3 μSv), whereas the lowest dose was measured for the surgical nurse (0.2 ± 0.5 μSv). If a single scrub nurse were to perform as many as 100 procedures with [99mTc]Tc-PSMA-I&S in a year, the total effective dose would be 320 μSv/y. Immediately after administration, the dose rate at 50 cm from the patient was 18.5 ± 1.6 μSv/h, which dropped to 1.8 ± 0.3 μSv/h after imaging the following day, reducing even further to 0.56 ± 0.33 μSv/h after surgery. Conclusion: The effective dose for personnel involved in handling [99mTc]Tc-PSMA-I&S is comparable to that of other 99mTc-radiopharmaceuticals and therefore safe for imaging and radioguided surgery.