RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Nononcologic Applications of PET/CT and PET/MRI in Musculoskeletal, Orthopedic, and Rheumatologic Imaging: General Considerations, Techniques, and Radiopharmaceuticals JF Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology JO J. Nucl. Med. Technol. FD Society of Nuclear Medicine SP 33 OP 38 DO 10.2967/jnmt.117.198663 VO 46 IS 1 A1 Gholamrezanezhad, Ali A1 Basques, Kyle A1 Batouli, Ali A1 Olyaie, Mojtaba A1 Matcuk, George A1 Alavi, Abass A1 Jadvar, Hossein YR 2018 UL http://tech.snmjournals.org/content/46/1/33.abstract AB PET is often underutilized in the field of musculoskeletal imaging, with key reasons including the excellent performance of conventional musculoskeletal MRI, the limited spatial resolution of PET, and the lack of reimbursement for PET for nononcologic musculoskeletal indications. However, with improvements in PET/CT and PET/MRI over the last decade as well as an increased understanding of the pathophysiology of musculoskeletal diseases, there is an emerging potential for PET as a primary or complementary modality in the management of rheumatologic and orthopedic patients. Specific advantages of PET include the convenience of whole-body imaging in a single session, the relative resilience of the modality compared with CT and MRI in the imaging of metallic implants, the ability to evaluate deep joints not amenable to palpation, and the potential for improved specificity of diagnosis with novel radiopharmaceuticals. In this review, we discuss multiple radiopharmaceuticals and technical considerations for PET/CT and PET/MRI that can be used in imaging of nontumoral bone and soft-tissue disorders. Both PET/CT and PET/MRI hold significant promise in the field of musculoskeletal imaging, and with further radiopharmaceutical development and clinical research, these hybrid modalities can potentially transform the current management of patients with orthopedic and rheumatologic disease.