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Blood Volume Analysis: A New Technique and New Clinical Interest Reinvigorate a Classic Study^*

¹ Department of Nuclear Medicine, Christiana Care Health System, Newark, Delaware; ² Nuclear Medicine Section, Wilmington Veterans Administration, Medical Center, Wilmington, Delaware; and ³ Daxor Corporation, New York, New York

View larger version (29K): [in this window] [in a new window]   FIGURE 1.  Composition of blood and components of blood volume. Cellular components are suspended in plasma. Hematocrit (arrow) is fractional relationship between PV and RCV.

View larger version (47K): [in this window] [in a new window]   FIGURE 2.  Fluid exchanges through capillary membranes in formation and removal of interstitial fluid. (Reprinted with permission of (1).)

View larger version (50K): [in this window] [in a new window]   FIGURE 3.  Fluid balance. In health, fluid intake and fluid losses are about equal. Amounts shown are average adult daily fluid sources and losses. (Reprinted with permission of (2).)

View larger version (51K): [in this window] [in a new window]   FIGURE 4.  How indicator dilution technique is used to measure blood volume. Known quantity of tracer is administered (A), time is allowed for complete mixing (B), and blood sample is drawn for counting (C). Typical nuclear tracers are 51Cr-labeled erythrocytes (RBCs) and 125I-HSA.

View larger version (102K): [in this window] [in a new window]   FIGURE 5.  (A) Daxor BVA-100 blood volume analyzer. (B) Volumex injectate, containing 370–1,110 kBq (10–30 µCi) of 131I-HSA in exactly 1.0 mL of saline.

View larger version (54K): [in this window] [in a new window]   FIGURE 6.  BVA-100 results screen, showing sample counts (center), regression line (right), and final patient volume results (bottom) compared with ideal normal values.

View larger version (38K): [in this window] [in a new window]   FIGURE 7.  Detail of BVA-100 screen showing plot of individual blood volume results for timed samples. Regression line from this plot is extended back to y-axis at time 0 (arrow) to give final volume result.